Eco-Friendly Speed Control Algorithm Development for Autonomous Vessel Route Planning

Kim, Sewon; Yun, Sang-Woong; You, Young Jun

doi:10.3390/jmse9060583

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Notably, fuel oil consumption is the main index of EEXI and CII. In this study, we adopted the method of Kim [12] to calculate the ship's fuel oil consumption, considering ship resistance and the propulsion power efficiency of the vessel, as follows:…”

Section: Just-in-time Arrival Policymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ship Carbon Intensity Indicator Assessment via Just-in-Time Arrival Algorithm Based on Real-Time Data: Case Study of Pusan New International Port

Kim,

Eom

2023

Sustainability

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Decarbonization is the most urgent task for the shipping industry. The International Maritime Organization, which makes the rules for shipping companies, has strengthened their carbon emissions regulation in order to reduce emissions to 70% of 2008’s carbon emissions by 2050. However, 75% of the existing fleet cannot satisfy this carbon emission regulation. The building of new vessels makes it possible to reduce carbon emissions and satisfy this regulation through adopting eco-friendly propulsion methods, such as LNG, ammonia, and methanol propulsion. However, the existing vessels on the sea find it difficult to dock and change their propulsion equipment. This research aims to propose a novel voyage operation method—a just-in-time arrival policy—that converts vessels’ waiting time into voyage time. The proposed method can reduce carbon emissions without propulsion system alteration and expand a vessel’s lifespan, thus satisfying carbon regulations. The carbon intensity indicator, invented by the IMO to regulate vessel carbonization, assesses the quantity of reduced carbon emissions. This research investigated the variation in the carbon intensity indicators of vessels when the just-in-time arrival policy was applied through studying an actual vessel’s arrival and departure dates at the Pusan International container terminal. According to the results of our analysis, ship carbon emissions decreased by an average of 45.8%, and by a maximum of 91%, compared to the levels before applying the proposed method. In addition, 87.0% of vessels obtained a carbon intensity indicator rank improvement and expanded the period that can satisfy the carbon intensity regulation by an average of eleven years and a maximum of twenty-seven years through applying the proposed just-in-time arrival policy. Additionally, the improvement effect of the carbon intensity rank positively correlates with ship size and waiting time at the port.

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Section: Just-in-time Arrival Policymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vermeulen [11] analyzed the possible improvement of port call processes using JITA. Kim [12] proposed a speed optimization method for autonomous vessels, and Yoon et al [13] analyzed the ETA (Estimated Time of Arrival) effects of the interaction between ships and ports.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ship Carbon Intensity Indicator Assessment via Just-in-Time Arrival Algorithm Based on Real-Time Data: Case Study of Pusan New International Port

Kim,

Eom

2023

Sustainability

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“…Period AIS 1 2020.01~2020.1 Port MIS 2 2020.01~2020.1 Geography Information Static Informatio 1 Automatic identification system. 2 Port management information system.…”

Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are many previous researches for voyage assistance systems to reduce fuel oil consumption and gas emissions as well as to improve the safety of vessels. Lee [1] and Kim [2] developed an optimal route planning solution that is able to minimize fuel oil consumption and gas emissions in autonomous vessels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Development of Regional Vessel Traffic Congestion Forecasts Using Hybrid Data from an Automatic Identification System and a Port Management Information System

Son

Kim²,

Yun³

et al. 2022

JMSE

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The present study proposes a new method that forecasts congestion in the area near a port by combining the automatic identification systems of ships and port management information data. The proposed method achieves 85% accuracy for one-day-long ship congestion forecasts. This accuracy level is high enough to act as a reference value for both manned and unmanned operation situations for autonomous vessels in port areas. The proposed forecast algorithm achieves 95% accuracy when used for a one-hour ship congestion forecast. However, the accuracy of the algorithm is degraded to almost half when the automatic identification system or the port management system is used independently.

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“…The route simulation scenarios were designed to analyze the cost discrepancies depending on the season (ice) and the degree of the autonomous vessel. Scenarios The inhouse autonomous routing simulation tool is hired and this is validated in Kim's work [23]. The scenario 1, 2, and 3 compare the total cost of the autonomous vessel at the NSR under the seasonal conditions of summer, spring and fall, and winter.…”

Section: Scenario Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leveraging the 4th Industrial Revolution Technology for Sustainable Development of the Northern Sea Route (NSR)—The Case Study of Autonomous Vessel

Lee

Kim

2021

Sustainability

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The Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) technology has been applied to various industrial areas not only to improve economic efficiency but also to obtain environmental and safety benefits. We paid attention to the unresolved issues of Arctic development to establish a balance between economic feasibility and social values and suggest the 4IR technologies as the solution for this. The master concept of application of the 4IR technology to NSR sailing is presented. Further, we conducted a case study for autonomous vessels. A cost breakdown structure model is specified to compare the total costs of traditional and autonomous vessels. Then, we conducted scenario analysis to investigate the economic and social effects of autonomous vessels by season and route. The results show that autonomous vessels have economic benefits compared to the traditional vessel even in the winter season, and if we realize autonomous vessels in the NSR, there are more cost saving effects than in the Suez Canal Route (SCR) in any season. As for the environmental benefits, autonomous vessels have lower gas emissions and reduced water disposal compared to the traditional vessel. Further, autonomous vessels could be a solution to provide a better crew working environment by minimizing the number of people on board. The contribution of this research is that, first, we utilize real fuel oil consumption measurement data to estimate the voyage expenses, and, second, this is a novel attempt of applying the 4IR technology as a solution for the Arctic development issue. In this respect, this research is expected to serve as a cornerstone for future research, and it will help to establish Arctic development strategies in Arctic or non-Arctic countries.

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Eco-Friendly Speed Control Algorithm Development for Autonomous Vessel Route Planning

Cited by 8 publications

References 18 publications

Ship Carbon Intensity Indicator Assessment via Just-in-Time Arrival Algorithm Based on Real-Time Data: Case Study of Pusan New International Port

Ship Carbon Intensity Indicator Assessment via Just-in-Time Arrival Algorithm Based on Real-Time Data: Case Study of Pusan New International Port

The Development of Regional Vessel Traffic Congestion Forecasts Using Hybrid Data from an Automatic Identification System and a Port Management Information System

Leveraging the 4th Industrial Revolution Technology for Sustainable Development of the Northern Sea Route (NSR)—The Case Study of Autonomous Vessel

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