Eco-friendly magnetic activated carbon nano-hybrid for facile oil spills separation

Abstract

This work focuses mainly on environmental concern and protection through providing beneficial use of waste biomass from water hyacinth to produce economical nano-magnetic adsorbent material-efficient for facile oil spill separation via an external magnetic field. The water hyacinth roots showed higher oil spills adsorption affinity of 2.2 g/g compared with 1.2 g/g for shoots. Nano-activated carbon was successfully extracted from the roots of water hyacinth after alkaline activation and followed by zinc chloride treatment before its carbonization. Nano-magnetite was induced into the activated carbonized nanomaterials to synthesized nano-magnetic activated carbon hybrid material (NMAC). X-ray diffraction elucidated the crystalline nature of both extracted activated carbon from water hyacinth and its magnetic hybrid material. Scanning electron microscopic micrographs implied the nano-size of both prepared activated carbon and the magnetite hybrid materials. The magnetic properties of the fabricated nano-magnetic activated carbon were evaluated using the vibrating sample magnetometer. The magnetic nano-hybrid material recorded a maximum oil adsorption affinity of 30.2 g oil/g. The optimum oil spill of 80% was established after 60 min in the presence of 1 g/L of magnetic nano-hybrid. The magnetic nano-hybrid material that absorbs oil spills was separated from the treatment media easily using an external magnetic field. Shoreline and offshore waters can be contamiend by oil drilling, accidents including oil tankers, processes, runoffs from offshore oil explorations and productions. These oil spills have a harmful impact on human health, fauna and onnatural flora. Therefore, it is an essential issue to develop new technologies for remediation the spilled oil on water 1. Physical, chemical and biological processes can be used to remove the oil or to destroy it in-situ. These methods involve oil booms, dispersants, skimmers and sorbents. Most of these techniques are costly and ineffective for sorption oil trace level 2. Among the different available methods utilized for oil decontamination from a water surface, adsorption is considered one of the most prominent techniques for oil spillage treatment in the presence of ambient conditions. The oil sorbent materials can be classified as inorganic mineral materials, organic natural sorbents and organic synthetic sorbents. The most important characteristics of oil sorbent materials are their hydrophobicity, the surface area and the sorbent materials capillarity. Despite the organic oil sorbent materials characterized by most of these properties, however, they are non-biodegradable and non-environmentally friend. So, they are substituted by natural sorbents such as rice straw, cotton, peat moss, cotton grass, kapok and water hyacinth have been examined as ecofriendly sorbents for spilled oil. Besides, these agricultural-based materials are inexpensive. Some of these agricultural products are waste materials, so, their reuse will save waste disposal fee 3. Water hyacinths (Eichho...

Biocompatible MIP-202 Zr-MOF Tunable Sorbent for Cost-Effective Decontamination of Anionic and Cationic Pollutants From Waste Solutions

“…The first step weight loss step (∼20%) occurs at temperatures lower than 240 °C and it is attributed to the loss of residual water molecules and atmospheric gases that are trapped into the pores while bio-MOF preparation 13,32 . This could also be attributed to water adsorbed while synthesis and washing process which cause hydrogen-bonded aggregates and could be reached to 10 H 2 O molecules 13,22 . The second gradual weight loss step (∼56%), mainly corresponding to the decomposition of the organic framework between 250 o C and °C, implies the excellent thermal stability of as-synthesized bio-MOF.…”

“…Particularly, Zr-carboxylate MOFs which are constructed of zirconium clusters (i.e., Zr 6 nodes) showed a highly robust and significant performance in various applications 12 . Among these applications, water purification is considered one of the crucial applications due to the straightforward increase in water pollution 7,13 . As a result, half of the world's population may live in water-stressed regions by 2025 14 ; therefore, the design of excellent and efficient adsorbent MOFs for water purification, combining biocompatibility, excellent stability and costeffective production is desperately needed for a more clean ecosystem and a sustainable future also, this is still a challenging target at water treatment sector 15 .…”

Synthesis of Magnetic Activated Carbon Treated with Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate

“…Thus, current research found the potential of agricultural waste to produce activated carbon. By this way, it is not only cost effective but also environment-friendly (Shokry et al, 2020). Furthermore, production on magnetic activated carbon (MAC) from agricultural waste represents novel adsorbent for water purification.…”

“…Activated carbon is a high-content carbon enriched with minerals adsorbent. By this way, it is not only cost effective but also environment-friendly (Shokry et al, 2020) Activated carbon can be produced through the pyrolysis of biomass in the absence of oxygen at ≤500°C or carbonization process and it is a carbon rich residue. Activation step of activated carbon involved oxidizing gases such as steam, air, and carbon dioxide (Ooi et al, 2013).…”

“…Therefore, unique properties of activated carbon are widely used as a filter to improve the quality of water and wastewater whereby it increases efficiency of water treatment and reduces the spread of contamination from hazardous chemicals. Accordingly, MAC is proposed to improve effectiveness of separation process which aided by external magnetic field (Shokry et al, 2020). The key obstacle of impregnation process is magnetic particles does not fully impregnate with the AC.…”