Eco-friendly concretes with reduced water and cement contents — Mix design principles and laboratory tests

Adding limestone fines as cementitious paste replacement to improve tensile strength, stiffness and durability of concrete

“…Hence, whilst on one hand, generous cementitious paste volume needs to be provided to achieve good strength, durability and workability, on the other hand, the cementitious paste volume needs to be minimized to improve dimensional stability and reduce risk of cracking. Such a dilemma in concrete mix design is not easy to resolve [8].…”

“…Subsequently, many studies on the use of LF as fine aggregate replacement have been conducted to evaluate the effects of such usage of LF on the workability [10], strength [11][12][13], dimensional stability [14,15] and durability [16,17] of concrete. Investigations have also been carried out to explore the use of LF as cement replacement and assess the effects of such usage of LF on the various properties of concrete [8,[18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25].…”

Ecologically Safe and Techno Economically Efficient Reinforced Concrete Constructions of Equal Resistance

“…A lot of scientists devote their scientific works to this problem. We can see the parts of this theme in the works of F. Bencardino [1]; Green concrete production with ceramic wastes and laterite [2]; Strength and ductility characteristics of reinforcing steel bars milled from scrap metals [3]; Evaluation of the flexural behavior of composite beam with inverted-T steel girder and steel fiber reinforced ultra high performance concrete slab [4]; Predicting the post-cracking behavior of normal-and highstrength steel-fiber-reinforced concrete beams [5]; High-volume natural volcanic pozzolan and limestone powder as partial replacements for portland cement in self-compacting and sustainable concrete [6]; Improving degradation resistance of sisal fiber in concrete through fiber surface treatment [7]; Experimental investigations of size effect in reinforced concrete beams failing by shear [8]; Utilization of coal-and biomass-fired ash in the production of self-consolidating concrete [9]; Theoretical and experimental study on mechanical properties and flexural strength of fly ash-geopolymer concrete [10]; A review of waste products utilized as supplements to Portland cement in concrete [11]; Benefits of using blended waste coarse lightweight aggregates in structural lightweight aggregate concrete [12]; Evaluation of various treatment methods for enhancing the physical and morphological properties of coarse recycled concrete aggregate [13]; Time-dependent behaviour of steel tubular columns filled with recycled coarse aggregate concrete [14]; Investigation of using recycled powder from waste of clay bricks and cement solids in reactive powder concrete [15]; Eco-friendly concretes with reduced water and cement contents -Mix design principles and laboratory tests [16]; Recycling lead-based paint contaminated deconstructed masonry materials as aggregate for Portland cement concrete-…”

Processed bottom ash for replacing fine aggregate in making high-volume fly ash concrete

“…A solution is needed to improve the sustainability of concrete from the perspective of raw materials and composition. Concrete developed, manufactured, and used in an environmentally friendly way is called "Green Concrete" [1] and efforts to reduce the use of cement by improving mix composition and replacing natural materials with recycled or waste materials are on-going, with further research needed.…”