Eco-friendly and safe alternatives for the valorization of shrimp farming waste

Abstract

The seafood industry generates waste, including shells, bones, intestines, and wastewater. The discards are nutrient-rich, containing varying concentrations of carotenoids, proteins, chitin, and other minerals. Thus, it is imperative to subject seafood waste, including shrimp waste (SW), to secondary processing and valorization for demineralization and deproteination to retrieve industrially essential compounds. Although several chemical processes are available for SW processing, most of them are inherently ecotoxic. Bioconversion of SW is cost-effective, ecofriendly, and safe. Microbial fermentation and the action of exogenous enzymes are among the significant SW bioconversion processes that transform seafood waste into valuable products. SW is a potential raw material for agrochemicals, microbial culture media, adsorbents, therapeutics, nutraceuticals, and bio-nanomaterials. This review comprehensively elucidates the valorization approaches of SW, addressing the drawbacks of chemically mediated methods for SW treatments. It is a broad overview of the applications associated with nutrient-rich SW, besides highlighting the role of major shrimp-producing countries in exploring SW to achieve safe, ecofriendly, and efficient bio-products.

Effects of Shrimp Shell-Derived Chitosan on Growth, Immunity, Intestinal Morphology, and Gene Expression of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Reared in a Biofloc System

“…Shrimp, one of the many varieties of seafood, is a popular and healthful dietary choice globally. Its output reached 8.25 million metric tons in 2015 and reached 9.66 million metric tons in 2019, with an annual growth rate of 2-3% [16], resulting in 6-8 million tons of waste [17,18]. The majority of shrimp waste is discarded publicly in landfills [19], burned, or dumped into the oceans [20,21].…”

“…Only a small portion is utilized as food and feed for animals and aquaculture [22,23]. The shrimp disposal sites could be major sources of offensive odors, as well as dust, gases, and fumes [18,24]. The rapid breakdown of shrimp waste can result in the appearance and spread of infections by flies, mosquitoes, and rats, endangering human health [25,26].…”

Shrimp Waste Upcycling: Unveiling the Potential of Polysaccharides, Proteins, Carotenoids, and Fatty Acids with Emphasis on Extraction Techniques and Bioactive Properties

“…The amount of each constituent depends on sources and processing conditions [3]. These bioactive compounds have a wide range of applications: as raw material for pet food [16] and as isolated compounds in medicine, in pharmaceutics [3], for cosmetics [17], food and nutrition [18], various sectors in manufacturing (the paper [19] and textile [20] industries, for example), in biotechnology [3], and as food additives [21]. Moreover, these compounds can also function as components integrated into sought-after seafood products.…”

Towards a greener future: Bioactive compounds extraction from shrimp shells using eco‐friendly techniques

“…Among these materials, shrimp shells, a common byproduct of the thriving seafood industry, have emerged as a potent reservoir of valuable compounds (Oyatogun et al, 2020). Chitin and chitosan as biopolymers from shrimp shells also hold immense promise with their versatile applications spanning diverse sectors, including pharmaceuticals, food, agriculture, and wastewater treatment (Wani et al, 2023). Chitin, an inherent polymer found in the exoskeletons of crustaceans, insects, and fungi, can be transformed into chitosan through deacetylation (Hahn et al, 2020; Terkula Iber et al, 2022).…”