Eco-Evolutionary Trophic Dynamics: Loss of Top Predators Drives Trophic Evolution and Ecology of Prey

Palkovacs, Eric P.; Wasserman, Ben A.; Kinnison, Michael T.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0018879

Cited by 73 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Whether these eco-evolutionary feedbacks are important to the dynamics of urban ecosystems is a completely unexplored question. Theory predicts, and numerous empirical studies demonstrate, that changes in traits can have large cascading effects on ecological dynamics, with resultant effects on the evolutionary trajectory of a species (Post and Palkovacs 2009;Schmitz 2010;Palkovacs et al 2011). Yet whether human domination of these ecological dynamics heightens or dampens these feedbacks is unknown.…”

Section: Do Species Adapt To Urbanized Landscapes and How?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive evolution in urban ecosystems

Donihue

Lambert

2014

AMBIO

164

151

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Urban ecologists have demonstrated that cities are functioning ecosystems. It follows then that species living in these contexts should participate in and experience the same suite of biological processes, including evolution, that have occupied scientists for centuries in more "natural" contexts. In fact, urban ecosystems with myriad novel contexts, pressures, and species rosters provide unprecedentedly potent evolutionary stimuli. Here, we present the case for studying adaptive evolution in urban settings. We then review and synthesize techniques into a coherent approach for studying adaptive evolution in urban settings that combines observations of phenotypic divergence, measurements of fitness benefits of novel genetically based phenotypes, and experimental manipulations of potential drivers of adaptation. We believe that studying evolution in urban contexts can provide insights into fundamental evolutionary biology questions on rate, direction, and repeatability of evolution, and may inform species and ecosystem service conservation efforts.

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Section: Do Species Adapt To Urbanized Landscapes and How?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive evolution in urban ecosystems

Donihue

Lambert

2014

AMBIO

164

151

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“…; Palkovacs et al . for claims that release from predation pressure can result in rapid genetically based phenotypic change).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary impact assessment: accounting for evolutionary consequences of fishing in an ecosystem approach to fisheries management

et al. 2012

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Managing fisheries resources to maintain healthy ecosystems is one of the main goals of the ecosystem approach to fisheries (EAF). While a number of international treaties call for the implementation of EAF, there are still gaps in the underlying methodology. One aspect that has received substantial scientific attention recently is fisheries-induced evolution (FIE). Increasing evidence indicates that intensive fishing has the potential to exert strong directional selection on life-history traits, behaviour, physiology, and morphology of exploited fish. Of particular concern is that reversing evolutionary responses to fishing can be much more difficult than reversing demographic or phenotypically plastic responses. Furthermore, like climate change, multiple agents cause FIE, with effects accumulating over time. Consequently, FIE may alter the utility derived from fish stocks, which in turn can modify the monetary value living aquatic resources provide to society. Quantifying and predicting the evolutionary effects of fishing is therefore important for both ecological and economic reasons. An important reason this is not happening is the lack of an appropriate assessment framework. We therefore describe the evolutionary impact assessment (EvoIA) as a structured approach for assessing the evolutionary consequences of fishing and evaluating the predicted evolutionary outcomes of alternative management options. EvoIA can contribute to EAF by clarifying how evolution may alter stock properties and ecological relations, support the precautionary approach to fisheries management by addressing a previously overlooked source of uncertainty and risk, and thus contribute to sustainable fisheries.

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“…; Zandonà et al . ) and morphological changes that may accommodate this shift (Palkovacs, Wasserman & Kinnison ), although we have yet to show that the morphological differences are heritable. All of these changes in guppy traits have important impacts on the stream ecosystem (Palkovacs et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…The changes to the invertebrate community, and the myriad indirect effects that trickle through the tangled web of the rest of the ecosystem (Bassar et al . ), are then thought to exert selection on traits related to guppy resource acquisition (Palkovacs, Wasserman & Kinnison ; de Villemereuil & Lopez‐Sepulcre ) and use such that the guppies shift towards eating a greater portion of lower quality invertebrates and algae (Zandonà et al . ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population size‐structure‐dependent fitness and ecosystem consequences in Trinidadian guppies

Bassar

Heatherly

Marshall

et al. 2015

Journal of Animal Ecology

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Summary 1.Decades of theory and recent empirical results have shown that evolutionary, population, community and ecosystem properties are the result of feedbacks between ecological and evolutionary processes. The vast majority of theory and empirical research on these eco-evolutionary feedbacks has focused on interactions among population size and mean traits of populations. 2. However, numbers and mean traits represent only a fraction of the possible feedback dimensions. Populations of many organisms consist of different size classes that differ in their impact on the environment and each other. Moreover, rarely do we know the map of ecological pathways through which changes in numbers or size structure cause evolutionary change. The goal of this study was to test the role of size structure in eco-evolutionary feedbacks of Trinidadian guppies and to begin to build an eco-evolutionary map along this unexplored dimension. 3. We used a factorial experiment in mesocosms wherein we crossed high-and low-predation guppy phenotypes with population size structure. We tested the ability of changes in size structure to generate selection on the demographic rates of guppies using an integral projection model (IPM). To understand how fitness differences among high-and low-predation phenotypes may be generated, we measured the response of the biomass of lower trophic levels and nutrient cycling to the different phenotype and size structure treatments. 4. We found a significant interaction between guppy phenotype and the size structure treatments for absolute fitness. Size structure had a very large effect on invertebrate biomass in the mesocosms, but there was little or no effect of the phenotype. The effect of size structure on algal biomass depended on guppy phenotype, with no difference in algal biomass in populations with more, smaller guppies, but a large decrease in algal biomass in mesocosms with phenotypes adapted to low-predation risk. 5. These results indicate an important role for size structure partially driving eco-evolutionary feedbacks in guppies. The changes in the ecosystem suggest that the absence of a steep decline in guppy fitness of the low-predation risk populations is likely due to higher consumption of algae when invertebrates are comparatively rare. Overall, these results demonstrate size structure as a possible dimension through which eco-evolutionary feedbacks may occur in natural populations.

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Eco-Evolutionary Trophic Dynamics: Loss of Top Predators Drives Trophic Evolution and Ecology of Prey

Cited by 73 publications

References 61 publications

Adaptive evolution in urban ecosystems

Adaptive evolution in urban ecosystems

Evolutionary impact assessment: accounting for evolutionary consequences of fishing in an ecosystem approach to fisheries management

Population size‐structure‐dependent fitness and ecosystem consequences in Trinidadian guppies

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