Eco-epidemiological study reveals the importance of Triatoma dimidiata in the Trypanosoma cruzi transmission, in a municipality certified without transmission by Rhodnius prolixus in Colombia

Cantillo-Barraza, Omar; Medina, Manuel; Zuluaga, Sara; Valverde, César; Motta, C; Ladino, Alfonso; Osorio, María Isabel; Jaimes-Dueñez, Jeiczon; Triana-Chávez, Omar

doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105550

Cited by 10 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…These differences could be related to this species' blood-meal source in the other departments, where its capacity to adapt to different food sources has been reported [14]. Finally, the presence of both genotypes of TcI in this species suggests its role in transporting wild populations of the parasite into houses [13,49].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…This species has been the main target of vector control programs in Colombia, whose efforts have resulted in the interruption of within household (intradomiciliary) transmission of T. cruzi by R. prolixus in 63 municipalities in 6 departments [9][10][11]. However, other invasive species of the genus Triatoma and Panstrongylus have gained importance in recent years due to their presence in homes, natural infection rates with T. cruzi, and incrimination as vectors [12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, CD cases have been reported in areas of Boyaca that do not have R. prolixus and likely involves secondary species. These reports identify the need to update entomological surveillance to include these other vectors after the successes of interruption programs to reduce intradomiciliary transmission of CD [13]. The present study aimed to analyze the spatial distribution, natural infection (NI), and molecular characterization of T. cruzi in synanthropic triatomines from Boyaca between 2017 and 2018.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distribution and natural infection status of synantrophic triatomines (Hemiptera: Reduviidae), vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi, reveals new epidemiological scenarios for chagas disease in the Highlands of Colombia

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Introduction Updating the distribution and natural infection status of triatomine bugs is critical for planning, prioritizing, and implementing strategies to control Chagas disease (CD), especially after vector reduction programs. After carrying out a control program, the Department of Boyaca contains the highest number of Colombian municipalities certified by PAHO to be free of intradomiciliary transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi by Rhodnius prolixus. The present work describes the spatial distribution, natural infection (NI), and molecular characterization of T. cruzi in synanthropic triatomines from the Department of Boyaca in 2017 and 2018. Materials and methods An entomological survey was conducted in 52 municipalities in Boyaca known to have had previous infestations of triatomine bugs. Insects were collected through active searches carried out by technical personnel from the Secretary of Health and community members using Triatomine Collection Stations (PITs-acronym in Spanish). For evaluation of natural infection, triatomines were identified morphologically and grouped in pools of one to five individuals of the same species collected in the same household. DNA derived from the feces of each pool of insects was analyzed by PCR for the presence of T. cruzi using primers flanking the satellite DNA of the parasite. SL-IR primers were used to differentiate TCI from the other DTUs and to identify different genotypes. The distribution of the collected triatomines was analyzed to determine any vector hotspots using spatial recreation. Results A total of 670 triatomine bugs was collected, belonging to five species: Triatoma dimidiata (73.2%), Triatoma venosa (16.7%), Panstrongylus geniculatus (5.7%), Rhodnius prolixus (4.4%), and Panstrongylus rufotuberculatus (0.4%), from 29 of the 52 municipalities. In total, 71.6% of the bugs were collected within houses (intradomiciliary) and the rest around the houses (peridomiciliary). Triatoma dimidiata was the most widely distributed species and had the highest natural infection index (37.8%), followed by T. venosa and P. geniculatus. TcI was the only DTU found, with the TcI Dom genotype identified in 80% of positive samples and TcI sylvatic in the other insects. Spatial analysis showed clusters of T. dimidiata and T. venosa in the northeast and southwest regions of Boyaca. Conclusions After some municipalities were certified free of natural transmission within houses (intradomiciliary transmission) of T. cruzi by R. prolixus, T. dimidiata has become the most prevalent vector present, and represents a significant risk of resurgent CD transmission. However, T. venosa, P. geniculatus, and P. rufotuberculatus also contribute to the increased risk of transmission. The presence of residual R. prolixus may undo the successes achieved through vector elimination programs. The molecular and spatial analysis used here allows us to identify areas with an ongoing threat of parasite transmission and improve entomological surveillance strategies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distribution and natural infection status of synantrophic triatomines (Hemiptera: Reduviidae), vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi, reveals new epidemiological scenarios for chagas disease in the Highlands of Colombia

et al. 2021

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“…Domestic transmission by domiciliated species of the Triatoma and Rhodnius genera has traditionally been responsible for higher transmission rates of CD in areas of high economic and social deprivation in Central and South America [ 11 – 14 ]. However, following the systematic control of CD intradomestic vectors in Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, Guatemala, Nicaragua and Colombia, newer scenarios mediated by non-domiciled triatomines have come to the fore in terms of T. cruzi transmission dynamics [ 15 – 25 ]. In these scenarios, new cases occurr more commonly in residents of relatively older age, and T. cruzi transmission is associated with environmental and ecological characteristics mediated by reinfestation of peridomestic native species of triatomines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The potential risk of enzootic Trypanosoma cruzi transmission inside four training and re-training military battalions (BITER) in Colombia

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Background Colombia’s National Army is one of the largest military institutions in the country based on the number of serving members and its presence throughout the country. There have been reports of cases of acute or chronic cases of Chagas disease among active military personnel. These may be the result of military-associated activities performed in jungles and other endemic areas or the consequence of exposure to Trypanosoma cruzi inside military establishments/facilities located in endemic areas. The aim of the present study was to describe the circulation of T. cruzi inside facilities housing four training and re-training battalions [Battalions of Instruction, Training en Re-training (BITERs)] located in municipalities with historical reports of triatomine bugs and Chagas disease cases. An entomological and faunal survey of domestic and sylvatic environments was conducted inside each of these military facilities. Methods Infection in working and stray dogs present in each BITER location was determined using serological and molecular tools, and T. cruzi in mammal and triatomine bug samples was determined by PCR assay. The PCR products of the vertebrate 12S rRNA gene were also obtained and subjected to Sanger sequencing to identify blood-feeding sources. Finally, we performed a geospatial analysis to evaluate the coexistence of infected triatomines and mammals with the military personal inside of each BITER installation. Results In total, 86 specimens were collected: 82 Rhodnius pallescens, two Rhodnius prolixus, one Triatoma dimidiata and one Triatoma maculata. The overall T. cruzi infection rate for R. pallescens and R. prolixus was 56.1 and 100% respectively, while T. dimidiata and T. maculata were not infected. Eight feeding sources were found for the infected triatomines, with opossum and humans being the most frequent sources of feeding (85.7%). Infection was most common in the common opossum Didelphis marsupialis, with infection levels of 77.7%. Sylvatic TcI was the most frequent genotype, found in 80% of triatomines and 75% of D. marsupialis. Of the samples collected from dogs (n = 52), five (9.6%; 95% confidence interval: 3.20–21.03) were seropositive based on two independent tests. Four of these dogs were creole and one was a working dog. The spatial analysis revealed a sympatry between infected vectors and mammals with the military population. Conclusions We have shown a potential risk of spillover of sylvatic T. cruzi transmission to humans by oral and vectorial transmission in two BITER installations in Colombia. The results indicate that installations where 100,000 active military personnel carry out training activities should be prioritized for epidemiological surveillance of Chagas disease. Graphical abstract

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“…The department of Antioquia is considered to have eradicated R. prolixus, but secondary vectors are now thought to play an important role in continued transmission. Panstrongylus geniculatus is a reported secondary vector in Antioquia [14], although Triatoma dimidiata, Triatoma venosa, and Panstrongylus rufotuberculatus have been reported in the neighboring Boyacá department [15]. P. geniculatus has been described as a prominent vector associated with oral transmission via fecal contamination of juice in one's home [11,16].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Pediatric Chagas Disease in Antioquia, Colombia: A Geographic Location of Suspected Oral Transmission

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Chagas disease, Trypanosoma cruzi infection, is an insidious cause of heart failure in Latin America. Early diagnosis and treatment are critical to prevent irreversible myocardial damage that progressively accumulates over decades. Several structural barriers account for the less than 1% of cases in Colombia being treated, including poor physician knowledge, especially considering that some regions are considered non-endemic. The two cases reported here represent an emerging epidemiologic scenario associated with pediatric Chagas disease. Both cases are suspected oral transmitted parasitic infection in a geographic region of Colombia (Andean region of Antioquia) where no previous oral transmission of Chagas disease had been reported. Their clinical histories and course of disease are presented here to increase physician awareness of the epidemiologic risk factors and clinical manifestations associated with pediatric oral Chagas disease in Antioquia department, Colombia.

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Eco-epidemiological study reveals the importance of Triatoma dimidiata in the Trypanosoma cruzi transmission, in a municipality certified without transmission by Rhodnius prolixus in Colombia

Cited by 10 publications

References 35 publications

Distribution and natural infection status of synantrophic triatomines (Hemiptera: Reduviidae), vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi, reveals new epidemiological scenarios for chagas disease in the Highlands of Colombia

Distribution and natural infection status of synantrophic triatomines (Hemiptera: Reduviidae), vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi, reveals new epidemiological scenarios for chagas disease in the Highlands of Colombia

The potential risk of enzootic Trypanosoma cruzi transmission inside four training and re-training military battalions (BITER) in Colombia

Acute Pediatric Chagas Disease in Antioquia, Colombia: A Geographic Location of Suspected Oral Transmission

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