Eco-efficient industrial waste recycling for the manufacturing of fibre reinforced innovative geopolymer mortars: Integrated waste management and green product development through LCA

Colangelo, Francesco; Farina, Ilenia; Travaglioni, Marta; Salzano, Cinzia; Cioffi, Raffaele; Petrillo, Antonella

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.127777

Cited by 65 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Due to the high generation of industrial waste by-products, disposal concerns, less utilization, and hazardous nature, the research on its valorization as a precursor for geopolymer production is potentially environmentally viable. This review focused on the commonly available industrial by-products and/or waste materials utilized as aluminosilicate precursors in geopolymer production due to the global need for a circular economy and cradle-to-cradle life cycle [ 7 , 63 , 64 ]. Several researchers have exploited and extensively reviewed the potential utilization of natural raw materials as precursors in geopolymer production, comprising Kaolin [ 65 , 66 , 67 ], Metakaolin [ 31 , 68 , 69 , 70 ], Zeolite [ 71 , 72 , 73 ], Laterite [ 74 , 75 , 76 ], and Volcanic ash [ 77 , 78 , 79 ], which are outside the scope of this review and are therefore not discussed in the text that follows.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geopolymer: A Systematic Review of Methodologies

et al. 2022

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The geopolymer concept has gained wide international attention during the last two decades and is now seen as a potential alternative to ordinary Portland cement; however, before full implementation in the national and international standards, the geopolymer concept requires clarity on the commonly used definitions and mix design methodologies. The lack of a common definition and methodology has led to inconsistency and confusion across disciplines. This review aims to clarify the most existing geopolymer definitions and the diverse procedures on geopolymer methodologies to attain a good understanding of both the unary and binary geopolymer systems. This review puts into perspective the most crucial facets to facilitate the sustainable development and adoption of geopolymer design standards. A systematic review protocol was developed based on the Preferred Reporting of Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist and applied to the Scopus database to retrieve articles. Geopolymer is a product of a polycondensation reaction that yields a three-dimensional tecto-aluminosilicate matrix. Compared to unary geopolymer systems, binary geopolymer systems contain complex hydrated gel structures and polymerized networks that influence workability, strength, and durability. The optimum utilization of high calcium industrial by-products such as ground granulated blast furnace slag, Class-C fly ash, and phosphogypsum in unary or binary geopolymer systems give C-S-H or C-A-S-H gels with dense polymerized networks that enhance strength gains and setting times. As there is no geopolymer mix design standard, most geopolymer mix designs apply the trial-and-error approach, and a few apply the Taguchi approach, particle packing fraction method, and response surface methodology. The adopted mix designs require the optimization of certain mixture variables whilst keeping constant other nominal material factors. The production of NaOH gives less CO2 emission compared to Na2SiO3, which requires higher calcination temperatures for Na2CO3 and SiO2. However, their usage is considered unsustainable due to their caustic nature, high energy demand, and cost. Besides the blending of fly ash with other industrial by-products, phosphogypsum also has the potential for use as an ingredient in blended geopolymer systems. The parameters identified in this review can help foster the robust adoption of geopolymer as a potential “go-to” alternative to ordinary Portland cement for construction. Furthermore, the proposed future research areas will help address the various innovation gaps observed in current literature with a view of the environment and society.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geopolymer: A Systematic Review of Methodologies

et al. 2022

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“…The keywords “silicates”, “sodium hydroxide”, and “curing” can be attributed to the promotion of low-cost user-friendly activators [ 5 ], dosage optimization of sodium silicate plus sodium hydroxide activators [ 71 ], and growth in low curing temperatures [ 72 ] for geopolymer production. The keyword “reinforcement” is attributed to the growth in fiber-reinforced geopolymers [ 73 , 74 , 75 ] to improve the “mechanical properties”, “tensile strength”, and “durability”. The keyword “microstructure” is analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy [ 76 ] to understand the mineralogy, morphology, and molecular configuration of geopolymer, respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Bibliometric Analysis of Research Trends in Geopolymer

et al. 2022

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Geopolymer is an inorganic material formed through the chemical reaction of an aluminosilicate precursor and an alkaline or acidic activating solution. It is seen as a green new alternative binder to ordinary Portland cement (OPC) for sustainable infrastructure development. The strength of the unary or blended geopolymer product is dependent on the composition and properties of the polymeric gel influenced by the ratios of Al2O3/SiO2, CaO/SiO2, CaO/(SiO2 + Al2O3), Na2SiO3/NaOH, SiO2/Na2O, and liquid/binder (L/B). Essential scientific inquiry has been progressively addressed by utilizing expert assessment and research metrics. The network visualization of bibliometric co-occurrence and co-citations is of particular significance. The present study aims to highlight the trends and progress of the most influential publication sources, keywords, authors, articles, and countries in geopolymer research in the last 10 years. Bibliometric data were retrieved through Scopus and visualized in VOSviewer to create bibliometric networks. The yearly distribution and growth trends (April 2011–2022) of geopolymer, geopolymer mortar, and geopolymer concrete before (after) applying inclusion criteria were from 754 to 9887 (5186), 47 to 1374 (866), and 145 to 3721 (2253), respectively, attributed to the discoveries in more precursor materials such as laterite and the growing interest in fire and heat-resistant structures, water and wastewater treatment, cement and concrete, and brick manufacturing. The top three journals in terms of prestige for geopolymer publications were the Journal of Hazardous Materials with an impact factor equal to 14.224 and h-index equal to 307, Cement and Concrete Research with an impact factor equal to 11.958 and h-index equal to 239, and the Journal of Cleaner Production with an impact factor equal to 11.072 and h-index equal to 232. The top three journals in terms of average citation per document were Cement and Concrete Research (135.75), Materials and Design (75), and Cement and Concrete Composites (68.35). Keywords such as “geopolymers”, “inorganic polymer”, “geopolymer”, “compressive strength”, “fly ash”, and “geopolymer concrete” had the highest occurrences in publications. John Provis—University of Sheffield, Prinya Chindaprasirt—Khon Kaen University, and Jay Sanjayan—Swinburne University of Technology had the highest total citations of 6377, 5626, and 4311, respectively. The highest number of publications were from China, India, Australia, the United States of America, and Malaysia. The bibliometric findings from this study can act as a tool for academicians and policymakers to exchange research expertise, collaborate on novel geopolymer research, and create innovative joint ventures.

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“…Most often, dense concrete-like materials are obtained on the basis of geopolymer compositions [ 37 , 38 ]. These geopolymer binders can be used to obtain a whole range of products, including pipelines [ 39 ]. A significant difference in the present study is the development of a method for adjusting the chemical composition of the geopolymer by introducing silica-containing additives, which change the ratio of Si:Al and Si:Na.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving the Properties of Porous Geopolymers Based on TPP Ash and Slag Waste by Adjusting Their Chemical Composition

et al. 2022

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The possibility of improving the properties of porous geopolymer materials based on ash and slag waste from thermal power plants by adjusting their chemical composition is considered. An X-ray phase analysis of ash and slag wastes was carried out, the geopolymers’ precursor compositions were calculated, and additives to correct their chemical composition were selected. The samples were synthesized and their physical and mechanical properties (density, porosity, compressive strength, thermal conductivity) were analyzed. The micro- and macro-structure of the samples and the pore distribution of the obtained geopolymers were studied and pore-distribution histograms were obtained. The influence of Si:Al ratio on structural changes was described. The geopolymers’ phase composition was studied, consisting of an amorphous phase and high quartz and mullite. A conclusion about the applicability of this method for obtaining high-quality porous geopolymers was made.

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Eco-efficient industrial waste recycling for the manufacturing of fibre reinforced innovative geopolymer mortars: Integrated waste management and green product development through LCA

Cited by 65 publications

References 49 publications

Geopolymer: A Systematic Review of Methodologies

Geopolymer: A Systematic Review of Methodologies

A Bibliometric Analysis of Research Trends in Geopolymer

Improving the Properties of Porous Geopolymers Based on TPP Ash and Slag Waste by Adjusting Their Chemical Composition

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