Eco-efficiency analysis of integrated grey and black water management systems

Abdalla, Hadeer; Rahmat-Ullah, Zakiya; Abdallah, Mohamed; Alsmadi, Sara; Elashwah, Nadeen

doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.105681

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The result is consistent with an on-site gray and black water treatment system for toilet flushing. 44…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The result is consistent with an on-site gray and black water treatment system for toilet flushing. 44 In contrast to water reuse systems for toilet flushing, results from sensitivity analyses showed that the price of water in the region was one of the major cost drivers for shower, laundry, and toilet reuse system in an existing barracks building. A higher unit price of water would result in greater net savings and shorter payback periods.…”

Section: Cost Driversmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Financial analysis of decentralized water reuse systems in mission critical facilities at U.S. Army installations

Hur,

Page,

Guest

et al. 2024

Environ. Sci.: Water Res. Technol.

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“…The result is consistent with an on-site gray and black water treatment system for toilet flushing. 44…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cost Driversmentioning

confidence: 99%

Financial analysis of decentralized water reuse systems in mission critical facilities at U.S. Army installations

Hur,

Page,

Guest

et al. 2024

Environ. Sci.: Water Res. Technol.

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“…In households, two types of wastewater are generated: black wastewater and grey wastewater, which falls into the category of urban wastewater. Black sewage is generated by flushing the toilet and grey sewage is generated by the use of water for other purposes, such as showering, bathing, and dishwashing [37]. Grey water, according to EN 12056-1 [38], is dirty but faeces-free water and can include non-industrial wastewater generated during domestic processes such as showering, bathing, or washing dishes [6,39].…”

Section: Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling Possible Household Uses of Grey Water in Poland using Property Fitting Analysis

Ober,

Karwot,

Sitinjak

2024

Resources

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One of the most important methods of optimising water consumption is grey water recycling. From a technological point of view, the treatment of grey water guarantees that it can be reused for domestic or corporate purposes, but it raises the issue of the social acceptance of the use of such water. This study aimed to assess the possibility of using grey water in households in Poland. The originality of this research study lies in the application of the PROFIT method for the separate construction of models of the benefits of grey water according to user groups. Four groups were identified, differentiated by gender and age; age and possession of an irretrievable water meter; gender and place of residence; place of residence and possession of an irretrievable water meter. To answer the formulated research questions, a diagnostic survey method was used, in which 807 randomly selected respondents from all over Poland were surveyed. The results of the survey indicate that homeowners perceive the potential use of grey water as beneficial, pointing most often to the following factors: rebuilding groundwater levels, reduced extraction of drinking water from rivers and other water bodies, and increased vegetation growth. On the other hand, they are concerned about the need to reconstruct the existing water and sewerage systems in order to produce drinking water from grey water as well as about the high cost and parameter stability of drinking water produced from grey water. Furthermore, men and older people attribute less importance to measures related to the introduction of good practices based on the reuse of recycled water in water management. Women, on the other hand, appreciate almost all opportunities to use grey water to a greater extent than men.

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“…Grey Water is wastewater originating from domestic activities sourced from kitchens, laundry, sinks, and bathrooms (Abdalla et al, 2021;Patil et al, 2022). Grey Water contains ingredients from shampoo, soap, toothpaste, food waste, oil, detergent, and so on (Dhiman et al, 2022;Perumpully et al, 2023).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic Wastewater-Grey Water Management In The Residential Area

Achmadi,

Mangkoedihardjo

2024

AJESH

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Grey Water wastewater in residential areas near Gisik Cemandi river has a COD value range of 146 – 516 Mg / L and the BOD value is in the range of 76 – 280 Mg / L. While Gisik Cemandi River is included in Class III rivers with COD values of 22 – 31 Mg / L. For the water quality of the Gisik Cemandi river to be maintained and not go down, the residential area must have structured Grey Water wastewater management. The management needed is technical, institutional, and financial management. Technical management planning is carried out by providing recommendations so that residential area has management activities in the form of maintenance and repair by adjusting the available facilities and infrastructure. In addition, a Wastewater Treatment Plant is needed that is used for biological treatment because the BOD/COD ratio of Residential Grey Water is 0.528 or biodegradable. Biological processing of gray water can utilize plants as BOD and COD reducers. In carrying out technical management, it is necessary to have institutional management as a monitoring role between implementers and citizens. The recommendation of institutional management is to be able to follow the institutional practical guidance of the Ministry of Public Works. All technical and institutional management activities require financial management as capital in every implementation of Grey Water organic wastewater management in residential areas. Financial management calculations must be adjusted to regional regulations and calculated for the next few years by considering the value of inflation.

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Eco-efficiency analysis of integrated grey and black water management systems

Cited by 12 publications

References 37 publications

Financial analysis of decentralized water reuse systems in mission critical facilities at U.S. Army installations

Financial analysis of decentralized water reuse systems in mission critical facilities at U.S. Army installations

Modelling Possible Household Uses of Grey Water in Poland using Property Fitting Analysis

Organic Wastewater-Grey Water Management In The Residential Area

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