Eclipsing Binaries in Dynamically Interacting Close, Multiple Systems

Borkovits, T.

doi:10.3390/galaxies10010009

“…The rather rough and partially incorrect analysis of Lacy et al (1999) let these authors to predict that the eclipses of V907 Sco will start again in 2030 ± 5 in their concluding Section 4. However, Borkovits (2022) noted that the recent observations of TESS have already revealed an onset of V907 Sco eclipses in the Sector 13 data (in mid 2019), and confirmed their expected trend toward deeper eclipses in the Sector 39 data (in mid 2021). Clearly, the situation demands a new analysis of V907 Sco, as the recent emergence of its eclipsing state alone proves that some assumptions and/or data treatment in Lacy et al (1999) have not been correct.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 59%

“…A plethora of dynamical effects at various timescales can be detected with accurate photometric measurements for CHTs, and if properly interpreted with theoretical modeling, they may bring interesting constraints on many physical parameters of the system. An excellent review of this topic was recently published by Borkovits (2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

V907 Sco Switched to the Eclipsing Mode Again

Zasche

¹

,

Vokrouhlický

²

,

Barlow

³

et al. 2023

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V907 Scorpii is a unique triple system in which the inner binary component has been reported to have switched on and off eclipses several times in modern history. In spite of its peculiarity, observational data on this system are surprisingly scarce. Here we make use of the recent Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite observations, as well as our own photometric and spectroscopic data, to expand the overall data set and study the V907 Sco system in more detail. Our analysis provides both new and improved values for several of its fundamental parameters: (i) the masses of the stars in the eclipsing binary are 2.74 ± 0.02 M ⊙ and 2.56 ± 0.02 M ⊙; and (ii) the third component is a solar-type star with mass 1.06 − 0.10 + 0.11 M ⊙ (90% C.L.), orbiting the binary on an elongated orbit with an eccentricity of 0.47 ± 0.02 and a period of 142.01 ± 0.05 days. The intermittent intervals of time when eclipses of the inner binary are switched on and off are caused by a mutual 26 .° 2 − 2.2 + 2.6 inclination of the inner- and outer-orbit planes, and a favorable inclination of about 71° of the total angular momentum of the system. The nodal precession period is P ν = 63.5 − 2.6 + 3.3 yr. The inner binary will remain eclipsing for another ≃26 yr, offering an opportunity to significantly improve the parameters of the model. This is especially true during the next decade when the inner-orbit inclination will increase to nearly 90°. Further spectroscopic observations are also desirable, as they can help to improve constraints on the system’s orbital architecture and its physical parameters.

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“…For example, Hajdu et al (2019) and Hajdu et al (2022) identified 177 and 16 such CHTs, respectively, using data obtained by the OGLE (Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment) survey. A recent comprehensive review of the different methods and results of the field of discovering compact hierarchical systems can be found in Borkovits (2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New compact hierarchical triple system candidates identified using Gaia DR3

Czavalinga

¹

,

Mitnyan

²

,

Rappaport

³

et al. 2023

A&A

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Aims. We introduce a novel way to identify new compact hierarchical triple stars by exploiting the huge potential of Gaia DR3 and also its future data releases. We aim to increase the current number of compact hierarchical triple systems significantly. Methods. We used several eclipsing binary catalogs from different sky surveys that list a total of more than 1 million targets to search for Gaia DR3 non-single-star orbital solutions with periods substantially longer than the eclipsing periods of the binaries. Those solutions in most cases are likely to belong to outer orbits of tertiary stars in those systems. We also attempted to validate some of our best-suited candidates using TESS eclipse timing variations. Results. We find 403 objects with suitable Gaia orbital solutions of which 27 are already known triple systems, leaving 376 newly identified hierarchical triple system candidates in our sample. We find the cumulative probability distribution of the outer orbit eccentricities to be very similar to those found in earlier studies based on observations of the Kepler and OGLE missions. We find measurable nonlinear eclipse timing variations or third-body eclipses in the TESS data for 192 objects which we also consider to be confirmed candidates. Of these, we construct analytical light-travel time effect models for the eclipse timing variations of 22 objects with well-sampled TESS observations. We compare the outer orbital parameters from our solutions with those from the Gaia solutions and find that the most reliable orbital parameter is the orbital period, while the values of the other parameters should be used with caution.

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“…Consequently, it is hardly surprising that before the era of the long-duration, ground-based and space-borne photometric surveys, EDVs were (serendipitously) detected in only fewer than a dozen EBs (see the recent review of Borkovits 2022). In contrast to this, Kirk et al (2016) listed 43 EBs in the original Kepler sample which exhibit EDVs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Von Zeipel – Lidov – Kozai cycles in action: Kepler triples with eclipse depth variations: KICs 6964043, 5653126, 5731312, and 8023317

Borkovits

¹

,

Rappaport

²

,

Toonen

³

et al. 2022

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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We report the results of the photodynamical analyses of four compact, tight triple stellar systems, KICs 6964043, 5653126, 5731312, 8023317, based largely on Kepler and TESS data. All systems display remarkable eclipse timing and eclipse depth variations, the latter implying a non-aligned outer orbit. Moreover, KIC 6964043 is also a triply eclipsing system. We combined photometry, ETV curves, and archival spectral energy distribution data to obtain the astrophysical parameters of the constituent stars and the orbital elements with substantial precision. KICs 6964043 and 5653126 were found to be nearly flat with mutual inclinations imut = 4${_{.}^{\circ}}$1 and 12${_{.}^{\circ}}$3, respectively, while KICs 5731312, 8023317 (imut = 39${_{.}^{\circ}}$4 and 55${_{.}^{\circ}}$7, respectively) are found to lie in the high imut regime of the von Zeipel-Kozai-Lidov (ZKL) theorem. We show that currently both high inclination triples exhibit observable unusual retrograde apsidal motion. Moreover, the eclipses will disappear in all but one of the four systems within a few decades. Short-term numerical integrations of the dynamical evolution reveal that both high inclination triples are currently subject to ongoing, large amplitude (Δe ∼ 0.3) inner eccentricity variations on centuries-long timescales, in accord with the ZKL theorem. Longer-term integrations predict that two of the four systems may become dynamically unstable on ∼ Gyr timescales, while in the other two triples common envelope phases and stellar mergers may occur. Finally we investigate the dynamical properties of a sample of 71 KIC/TIC triples statistically, and find that the mutual inclinations and outer mass ratios are anti-correlated at the 4σ level. We discuss the implications for the formation mechanisms of compact triples.

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Eclipsing Binaries in Dynamically Interacting Close, Multiple Systems

Cited by 17 publications

References 207 publications

V907 Sco Switched to the Eclipsing Mode Again

V907 Sco Switched to the Eclipsing Mode Again

New compact hierarchical triple system candidates identified using Gaia DR3

Von Zeipel – Lidov – Kozai cycles in action: Kepler triples with eclipse depth variations: KICs 6964043, 5653126, 5731312, and 8023317

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