Ecklonia cava Extract Exerts Anti-Inflammatory Effect in Human Gingival Fibroblasts and Chronic Periodontitis Animal Model by Suppression of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines and Chemokines

Abstract

Periodontitis is one of the most common chronic inflammatory diseases. The anti-inflammatory effect of the extract from brown algae Ecklonia cava was analyzed in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated human gingival fibroblasts (HGF-1), the most abundant cells in gingival tissue. The gene expressions of cyclooxygenase-2 and interleukin-6 were decreased by 78 and 50%, respectively, at 100 μg/mL Ecklonia cava extract (ECE) treatment. The gene expressions of matrix metalloproteases (MMP-2 and MMP-8) and chemokines (macrophage inflammatory protein 1-alpha and stromal cell-derived factor 1) were also significantly down-regulated by ECE treatment (p < 0.05). The increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in HGF-1 cells by LPS stimulation was decreased by 30% at 100 μg/mL ECE treatment. The mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway and the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signal activated by ROS were suppressed by ECE in a dose-dependent manner. ECE treatment (400 mg/kg, 8 weeks) significantly improved alveolar bone resorption in the ligature-induced chronic periodontitis rat model. ECE supplementation also lowered elevated mRNA expression of the receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B (RANKL)/osteoprotegerin (OPG) in the gingival tissue (p < 0.05). Therefore, ECE mitigated gingival tissue destruction and bone resorption associated with chronic periodontitis condition.

Therapeutic effect of marine bioactive substances against periodontitis based on in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies

“…of activated B cells (NF-κB) pathway. The other study confirmed that ECE inhibited the production of PGE 2 and reactive oxygen species (ROS) without cytotoxicity on human gingival fibroblast (HGF) (Jung et al, 2021). Another study investigated that Agarum clathratum, which has antioxidant and anti-microbial properties, exhibits potential for periodontitis treatment on Pg LPS-stimulated HGF (Han et al, 2021).…”

“…Previous studies have confirmed that bioactive substances extracted from Phaeophyceae have therapeutic potential against periodontitis (Han et al, 2021;Jung et al, 2021;Kim et al, 2019b;Kim et al, 2021a;Magesh et al, 2020;Alden et al, 2022). Two of these studies investigated whether Ecklonia cava ethanol (EtOH) extract (ECE) has a therapeutic effect on periodontitis (Jung et al, 2021;Kim et al, 2019b).…”

“…Previous studies have confirmed that bioactive substances extracted from Phaeophyceae have therapeutic potential against periodontitis (Han et al, 2021;Jung et al, 2021;Kim et al, 2019b;Kim et al, 2021a;Magesh et al, 2020;Alden et al, 2022). Two of these studies investigated whether Ecklonia cava ethanol (EtOH) extract (ECE) has a therapeutic effect on periodontitis (Jung et al, 2021;Kim et al, 2019b). ECE presented no cytotoxicity in P. gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (Pg LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 and inhibited Pg LPS-induced production of inflammatory mediators, including nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) activity (Kim et al, 2019b).…”

“…Two studies demonstrated that ECE exhibits a therapeutic effect on periodontitis (Jung et al, 2021;Kim et al, 2019b). In a ligature-induced periodontitis rat model, ECE decreased several clinical symptoms, including ABL, bone resorption, the distance between the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) and the crest of the alveolar bone (ABC), gingival index (GI), periodontal bone height, and tooth mobility (TM).…”

Edible algae (Ecklonia cava) bioprocessed with mycelia of shiitake (Lentinula edodes) mushrooms in liquid culture and its isolated fractions protect mice against allergic asthma

“…The alga Ecklonia cava is an edible medicinal food that is widely consumed in Korea and Japan for its reported multiple health benefits that include anti-cancer [ 7 ], anti-diabetes [ 8 ], anti-inflammatory [ 9 ], and anti-obesity [ 10 ] properties. These studies from two publications suggest that the alga and isolated bioactive compounds might be safe for human consumption.…”