Echovirus infection causes rapid loss-of-function and cell death in human dendritic cells

Abstract

Summary Coxsackie B viruses (CVB) and Echoviruses (EV)form

Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Exhibits an Altered Tropism in the Presence of Specific Immunoglobulins, Enabling Productive Infection and Killing of Dendritic Cells

“…Bovine monocytes are CD32 positive and so were exposed to FMDV IC but were nonsusceptible to FMDV infection. Such differences in susceptibility between monocytes and DC have been reported for a range of viruses, including herpes simplex virus (HSV), echovirus, and poliovirus, where monocytes were found to be more resistant to infection than DC (33,40,60). In contrast, monocytes are more susceptible than moDC to CPE following influenza virus infection (8).…”

“…MoDC express the poliovirus receptor and are susceptible to infection (60). Similarly, human moDC could be infected by echovirus, but not by coxsackie B virus, and this again was related to appropriate receptor expression (33).…”

Enumeration and Functional Evaluation of Virus-Specific CD4 + and CD8 + T Cells in Lymphoid and Peripheral Sites of Coxsackievirus B3 Infection

“…The innate response to CVB infections is poorly understood. Previous studies have shown that poliovirus infection inhibits proinflammatory cytokine secretion and the expression of antiviral cytokine receptors (10,37), while echovirus infection limits the ability of DCs to up-regulate costimulatory molecules or produce cytokines in response to Toll-like receptor stimulation (28). Because some members of the picornavirus family encode proteins with conserved functions, it is worth considering that one or more CVB3 proteins may be able to alter the expression of costimulatory molecules and/or the cytokine milieu, which could interfere with DC maturation or function.…”

Phagocytosis of Picornavirus-Infected Cells Induces an RNA-Dependent Antiviral State in Human Dendritic Cells

“…Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) Nancy was kindly provided by R. Kandolf (University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany). Production of virus stocks and virus titrations were performed on buffalo green monkey cells as described previously (22). Serial 10-fold dilutions were tested in 96-well microtiter plates, and 50% tissue culture infective doses were calculated as described before (35).…”

“…We recently showed that infection of human monocyte-derived DCs with echovirus (EV), but not coxsackie B virus (CVB), results in rapid inhibition of TLR-mediated responses and massive cell death (22). As it is difficult to reconcile these in vitro effects with the generally mild clinical outcome of EV infections, we set out to investigate the conditions that could potentially alter DC susceptibility.…”