Echophonocardiographic studies of the contribution of the atrioventricular valves to the first heart sound.

Mills, Peter; Chamusco, R F; Moos, Sally; Craige, Ernest

doi:10.1161/01.cir.54.6.944

Cited by 30 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…(2) Mitral valve closure preceding LV systole (cases with long PR interval, complete AV block, or atrial fibrillation) causes no sound. If sound is found in coincidence with a diastolic closure of the mitral valve, this is a low-amplitude sound, different from the normal, high-amplitude first heart sound.l l - 13 (3) The timing and the amplitude of the first heart sound is related to the position of the mitral leaflets at the onset of L V systole. That position is determined by the left AV pressure gradient, so that we can state that the timing and the amplitude of the first heart sound are a function of the left AV gradient at the onset of ventricular systole.…”

Section: Acgmentioning

confidence: 99%

The main heart sounds as vibrations of the cardiohemic system: Old controversy and new facts

Luisada¹,

Portaluppi²

1983

The American Journal of Cardiology

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Section: Acgmentioning

confidence: 99%

The main heart sounds as vibrations of the cardiohemic system: Old controversy and new facts

Luisada¹,

Portaluppi²

1983

The American Journal of Cardiology

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“…Although hemodynamic data were available in all group B subjects, only two in group A were catheterized. Twelve of the remaining 13, however, were healthy volunteers without evidence of cardiopulmonary disease. The remaining control subject had lymphoma without apparent cardiopul- monary involvement.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship of pulmonary valve motion to the motion of surrounding cardiac structures: a two-dimensional and dual M-mode echocardiographic study.

Green¹,

Popp²

1981

Circulation

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SUMMARY To assess the relationship of late diastolic pulmonary valve motion to motion of adjacent cardiac structures, we performed two-dimensional and dual M-mode echocardiography on 15 pulmonary normotensive (group A) and nine pulmonary hypertensive subjects (group B). Simultaneous pulmonary valve and posterior aortic wall a-waves were less prominent in group B than in group A (p < 0.001), and their amplitudes were linearly related within each group (r = 0.83). Analysis of two-dimensional studies confirmed a relationship between pulmonary valve and posterior aortic wall late diastolic motion. No subject had independent presystolic motion of the pulmonary valve within the pulmonary artery. Subjects with shallow a-waves had impaired left atrial emptying compared with those with normal a-wave amplitudes (p < 0.01). We conclude that the pulmonary valve a-wave does not represent independent valvular displacement, but rather, reflects motion of the entire cardiac base. Variations in a-wave morphology may result, at least in part, from the effects of altered ventricular geometry and compliance on left atrial emptying.THE DIASTOLIC WAVE FORM of the pulmonary valve echocardiogram includes a presystolic a-wave of uncertain origin and physiologic significance. Investigators disagree as to the relative contributions of transvalvular pressure gradients,'-5 transducer position" and left atrial emptying7 to the a-wave and its variations in disease states. The presence of nearly identical a-waves in the echocardiograms of the atriopulmonary sulcus,' aortic valve, and posterior aortic wall7 suggests a common a-wave origin. We used twodimensional and dual M-mode echocardiography to assess the relationship of late diastolic pulmonary valve motion to events in adjacent structures. MethodsTwo-dimensional and dual pulmonary and aortic valve M-mode echocardiographic examinations were performed on 24 adult subjects in sinus rhythm. The control group (group A) consisted of 15 subjects. tension was defined as a pulmonary artery diastolic pressure greater than 15 mm Hg with a mean pressure of 22 mm Hg or more. The pulmonary artery pressure was confirmed by cardiac catheterization in the two group A subjects with coronary artery disease and in all group B subjects. Hemodynamic measurements were obtained within 2 days of echocardiographic examination except in subject 23, who was catheterized 21 days before study. Her clinical status did not change between the time of hemodynamic study and echocardiography. The study group's characteristics are summarized in table 1.Echocardiograms were obtained with a commercially available phased-array sector scanner (Toshiba Sonolayergraph, Model SSH-1OA) with dual M-mode capabilities in a single transducer. The transducer was held in the third or fourth left intercostal space while real-time, two-dimensional, short-axis views of the heart were obtained at the level of the semilunar valves8 ( fig. 1)

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M‐mode omnidirectional recordings obtained from two‐dimensional echocardiography

Garcı́a-Fernández¹,

Fiser²,

Rohr³

et al. 1982

J of Clinical Ultrasound

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Echophonocardiographic studies of the contribution of the atrioventricular valves to the first heart sound.

Cited by 30 publications

References 27 publications

The main heart sounds as vibrations of the cardiohemic system: Old controversy and new facts

The main heart sounds as vibrations of the cardiohemic system: Old controversy and new facts

The relationship of pulmonary valve motion to the motion of surrounding cardiac structures: a two-dimensional and dual M-mode echocardiographic study.

M‐mode omnidirectional recordings obtained from two‐dimensional echocardiography

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