Echoes of echoes? An episodic theory of lexical access.

Goldinger, Stephen D.

doi:10.1037/0033-295x.105.2.251

Cited by 1,250 publications

(1,571 citation statements)

References 190 publications

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“…Thus, the present data provide evidence for the existence of both surface and underlying lexical representations in memory. As a result, these findings join a growing body of evidence in support of lexical representations that preserve surface information (e.g., Church & Schacter, 1994;Goldinger, 1996) while calling into question a purely instance-or exemplar-based model of the mental lexicon (e.g., Goldinger, 1998).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Representation of lexical form.

McLennan¹,

Luce²,

Charles‐Luce³

2003

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cogni

111

110

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The authors attempted to determine whether surface representations of spoken words are mapped onto underlying, abstract representations. In particular, they tested the hypothesis that flaps-neutralized allophones of intervocalic /t/s and /d/s-are mapped onto their underlying phonemic counterparts. In 6 repetition priming experiments, participants responded to stimuli in 2 blocks of trials. Stimuli in the 1st block served as primes and those in the 2nd as targets. Primes and targets consisted of English words containing intervocalic /t/s and /d/s that, when produced casually, were flapped. In all 6 experiments, reaction times to target items were measured as a function of prime type. The results provide evidence for both surface and underlying form-based representations.Information-processing theories have typically characterized spoken word perception as being composed of a series of linguistic stages of analysis, with form-based (or sound-based) representations becoming successively more abstract at each stage of processing. Studdert-Kennedy (1974) provided one of the earliest explicit articulations of this kind of mediated lexical access model, which itself drew inspiration from linguistic theory (see Bloom-

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Representation of lexical form.

McLennan¹,

Luce²,

Charles‐Luce³

2003

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cogni

111

110

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…This indicates that exemplars of words stored in memory preserved a talker's voice information implicitly. Altogether, these findings suggest that a learned talker's voice characteristics can be stored in memory (e.g., Craik & Kirsner, 1974;Goldinger, 1991;1996;1998;Hintzman et al, 1972;Johnson, 1997;2007;Palmeri et al, 1993). Based on the above discussion, we speculate that a space of learned talker models, i.e., voice characteristics of previously encountered talkers and maybe exemplars of speech sounds from those talkers, is stored in the memory of listeners.…”

Section: General Discussion: a New Model Of Talker Normalizationmentioning

confidence: 64%

Toward an integrative model of talker normalization.

Zhang¹,

Chen²

2016

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

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Successful speech perception requires accurate mapping of speech signals to linguistic categories despite talker variation in signals. Although factors like intrinsic and context cues have been identified, a full understanding of talker normalization remains to be achieved. In particular, it is important to examine the cocontribution of intrinsic, extrinsic and other cues in an integrative way. In Experiment 1, we examined the effect of intrinsic cues and typicality of a talker’s F0 range relative to population F0 range on word identification in isolation. In Experiment 2, we compared the effects of 4 contexts to identify those that consistently facilitate talker normalization. We found that without contexts, word identification accuracy was low and variable depending on talker typicality. Contexts improved performance across all talkers regardless of typicality. But only meaningless and meaningful speech contexts with cues to a talker’s acoustic-phonological space showed consistent effects. We proposed a new model, integrating talker typicality, talker familiarity, and context. Whereas speech signals from familiar or typical talkers may be accurately identified standing alone, a context with cues to a talker’s acoustic-phonological space is necessary in the case of unfamiliar and atypical talkers. It is thus the first model that integrates memory and context effects.

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“…Exemplar models (e.g. Goldinger, 1998;Johnson, 1997a), for example, could in principle account for our results. In such models, fine-grained acoustic detail is represented in multiple lexical exemplars.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

The role of prosodic boundaries in the resolution of lexical embedding in speech comprehension

2003

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Participants' eye movements were monitored as they heard sentences and saw four pictured objects on a computer screen. Participants were instructed to click on the object mentioned in the sentence. There were more transitory fixations to pictures representing monosyllabic words (e.g. ham) when the first syllable of the target word (e.g. hamster) had been replaced by a recording of the monosyllabic word than when it came from a different recording of the target word. This demonstrates that a phonemically identical sequence can contain cues that modulate its lexical interpretation. This effect was governed by the duration of the sequence, rather than by its origin (i.e. which type of word it came from). The longer the sequence, the more monosyllabic-word interpretations it generated. We argue that cues to lexical-embedding disambiguation, such as segmental lengthening, result from the realization of a prosodic boundary that often but not always follows monosyllabic words, and that lexical candidates whose word boundaries are aligned with prosodic boundaries are favored in the word-recognition process. q

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Echoes of echoes? An episodic theory of lexical access.

Cited by 1,250 publications

References 190 publications

Representation of lexical form.

Representation of lexical form.

Toward an integrative model of talker normalization.

The role of prosodic boundaries in the resolution of lexical embedding in speech comprehension

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