This
paper is aimed to show overwhelming experimental and theoretical evidence
supporting the existence of organic oxonium ions (ROH2
+) as mechanistic intermediates in water solution, which should
be taken into account when describing important reactions, like hydrations
of carbocations or C–O cleavages under acidic conditions. For
the hydration reaction of tert-butyl (t-Bu+) cation, we have calculated the reaction rate between
the intermediate hydrated cation t-BuOH2
+ and water, showing that the concerted proton/electron
transfer reaction (CPET) is very slow in comparison with experimental
data. Much better accordance is achieved by assuming a sequential
electron transfer/proton transfer reaction (ETPT). Thus, there is
an excellent accordance between the calculated relaxation time (τ
= 2.14 ps) for the ETPT process in water and experimentally determined
τ values (1.0–1.5 ps) for related reactions. Moreover,
there is also an excellent agreement between the potential energy
of activation (ΔV
TS
≠ = 3.17 kcal/mol) for the proton
transfer in gas-phase, computed with the B3LYP/6-31G(d) method following
the variational transition state theory (VTST), with the analogous
ΔV(Q
EQ)≠ value (3.09 kcal/mol), calculated using methods based on single
electron transfer (SET) reactions.