Echocardiography to Measure Fitness of Elite Runners

Legaz-Arrese, Alejandro; Ostáriz, Enrique Serrano; Carretero, Mariano González; Blasco, I. Lacambra

doi:10.1016/j.echo.2005.02.002

Cited by 23 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…weight-lifting) generally results in left ventricular hypertrophy without an increase in ventricular size. In endurance-trained athletes left ventricular enlargement within limits represents a physiological adaptation, which in combination with greater venous return and expansion in plasma volume contributes to an increase in LV cardiac output during long lasting high-intensity exercise [15]. To our surprise, mean end-diastolic volumes (LVEDV = 137 ml) and left ventricular ejection fractions (LVEF = 62%) in our marathon runners were slightly lower compared to previously published MRI data, i.e.…”

Section: Left Ventricular End-diastolic Volumes In Marathon Runnerscontrasting

confidence: 70%

“…Associations with CMR-parameters did not change, however, when this runner was excluded from analysis an approximately 2% annual decrease in LV enddiastolic volumes. Interestingly, in male world-class athletes, marathon finishing times are closely related to LV end-diastolic volumes, with faster running times in athletes with larger end-diastolic volumes [15]. This finding together with our cross-sectional observations may have a role in the 2% decline in annual marathon finishing times beyond age 55 in one participant, who meticulously recorded all marathon finishing times (Fig.…”

Section: Left Ventricular End-diastolic Volumes In Marathon Runnerssupporting

confidence: 69%

“…Endurance training (e.g. marathon running or long distance swimming) leads to a ventricular enlargement without wall thickening [14,15], while strength training (e.g. weight-lifting) generally results in left ventricular hypertrophy without an increase in ventricular size.…”

Section: Left Ventricular End-diastolic Volumes In Marathon Runnersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Left ventricular volumes and mass in marathon runners and their association with cardiovascular risk factors

Naßenstein

Breuckmann

Lehmann

et al. 2008

Int J Cardiovasc Imaging

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Section: Left Ventricular End-diastolic Volumes In Marathon Runnerscontrasting

confidence: 70%

Section: Left Ventricular End-diastolic Volumes In Marathon Runnerssupporting

confidence: 69%

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Left ventricular volumes and mass in marathon runners and their association with cardiovascular risk factors

Naßenstein

Breuckmann

Lehmann

et al. 2008

Int J Cardiovasc Imaging

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“…The authors speculated that these differences were as a consequence of the heart size of men being larger than women. The same explanation could be used to justify the higher baseline and post-exercise cTnI values our PBA players (adults), because the size of heart is greater in athletes with higher performance [33,34], although it is not clear if heart size is different in JBA when compared to older ABA. Recent work from Saravia et al [30] has suggested a link between higher levels of inflammation and increased cTn in faster marathon runners.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiac troponin I release after a basketball match in elite, amateur and junior players

López-Laval

Legaz-Arrese

George

et al. 2016

Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM)

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Background: Available scientific data related to cardiac troponin I (cTnI) release after intermittent exercise is limited. It is also of interest to determine what personal or environmental factors mediate the exercise-induced release of cTnI. This study had two objectives: 1) to examine the individual release of cTnI to a basketball match; and 2) to establish the influence of athlete status as well as biological age on cTnI release.

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“…A meta-analysis of crosssectional data showed no difference in LV ejection fraction or LV fractional area change among trained athletes compared with sedentary controls (39). An assessment of LV characteristics among elite distance runners demonstrated a high prevalence of reduced LV ejection fraction but concluded that this was a secondary effect of LV dilation (22). duManoir et al (9) examined resting LV fractional area change before and after 10 wk of rowing training and demonstrated no significant change.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of endurance exercise training on left ventricular systolic mechanics

Baggish¹,

Yared²,

Wang³

et al. 2008

American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology

117

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Although exercise training-induced changes in left ventricular (LV) structure are well characterized, adaptive functional changes are incompletely understood. Detailed echocardiographic assessment of LV systolic function was performed on 20 competitive rowers (10 males and 10 females) before and after endurance exercise training (EET; 90 days, 10.7 Ϯ 1.1 h/wk). Structural changes included LV dilation (end-diastolic volume ϭ 128 Ϯ 25 vs. 144 Ϯ 28 ml, P Ͻ 0.001), right ventricular (RV) dilation (end-diastolic area ϭ 2,850 Ϯ 550 vs. 3,260 Ϯ 530 mm 2 , P Ͻ 0.001), and LV hypertrophy (mass ϭ 227 Ϯ 51 vs. 256 Ϯ 56 g, P Ͻ 0.001). Although LV ejection fraction was unchanged (62 Ϯ 3% vs. 60 Ϯ 3%, P ϭ not significant), all direct measures of LV systolic function were altered. Peak systolic tissue velocities increased significantly (basal lateral SЈ⌬ ϭ 0.9 Ϯ 0.6 cm/s, P ϭ 0.004; and basal septal SЈ⌬ ϭ 0.8 Ϯ 0.4 cm/s, P ϭ 0.008). Radial strain increased similarly in all segments, whereas longitudinal strain increased with a base-to-apex gradient. In contrast, circumferential strain (CS) increased in the LV free wall but decreased in regions adjacent to the RV. Reductions in septal CS correlated strongly with changes in RV structure (⌬RV end-diastolic area vs. ⌬LV septal CS; r 2 ϭ 0.898, P Ͻ 0.001) and function (⌬peak RV systolic velocity vs. ⌬LV septal CS, r 2 ϭ 0.697, P Ͻ 0.001). EET leads to significant changes in LV systolic function with regional heterogeneity that may be secondary to concomitant RV adaptation. These changes are not detected by conventional measurements such as ejection fraction.athlete's heart; left ventricle; strain; ventricular interdependence LEFT VENTRICULAR (LV) structural adaptation in response to aerobic endurance exercise training (EET) has been well characterized. Increases in LV chamber dimensions, wall thickness, and mass have been documented among individuals who participate in EET, and it is these structural attributes that underlie the concept of the "athlete's heart" (8,38,41). At the present time, the impact of EET on LV functional mechanics is less clear.Several reports demonstrate that EET results in enhanced LV diastolic function (3,23,31). In contrast, existing data suggest that LV systolic function is unchanged by EET (9,15,39). Previous studies examining the impact of EET on LV systolic function have relied on indexes such as ejection fraction or fractional area change that may lack the sensitivity to detect regional changes in myocardial function. Novel imaging techniques such as two-dimensional strain and tissueDoppler echocardiography are direct, more sensitive methods of assessing myocardial systolic function (13,14). To date, a prospective and longitudinal assessment of the impact of EET on LV systolic function using these techniques has not been conducted.We hypothesized that EET would result in enhanced resting LV contractility but that this adaptation would be underrepresented by conventional indexes of systolic function. To address this hypothesis, we performed a focused ...

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Echocardiography to Measure Fitness of Elite Runners

Cited by 23 publications

References 24 publications

Left ventricular volumes and mass in marathon runners and their association with cardiovascular risk factors

Left ventricular volumes and mass in marathon runners and their association with cardiovascular risk factors

Cardiac troponin I release after a basketball match in elite, amateur and junior players

The impact of endurance exercise training on left ventricular systolic mechanics

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