Echocardiography in the Normal Neonate

Solinger, Robert; Elbl, Francisco; Minhas, Kareem

doi:10.1161/01.cir.47.1.108

Cited by 95 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 24 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The seventh step is to search for associated defects. This is accomplished by analyzing the echocardiographic profile of the patient in terms of the following qualitative parameters: (1) …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For diagnostic purposes they can be combined to form the following three major cardiac segments: (1) visceroatrial situs (sinus venosus, common pulmonary vein and primitive atrium); (2) ventricular loop (atrioventricular canal, ventricle and proximal bulbus cordis); and (3) conotruncus (distal bulbus cordis and truncus). The segmental approach to cardiac diagnosis consists of the evaluation and diagnosis of these three segments ( fig.…”

Section: Deductive Echo Analysis In Infantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Deductive Echocardiographic Analysis in Infants with Congenital Heart Disease

1974

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARYA step-by-step approach to cardiac diagnosis utilizing a chest X-ray and echocardiography is described and used to study a normal infant and six infant patients with angiocardiographically-proven complex congenital heart malformations.The heart is divided into three major anatomical segments in order to localize the atrial and ventricular chambers and determine the relationship of the great arteries. The atrial chambers are localized by noting the position of the liver on the X-ray. The right atrium is on the same side as the liver with few exceptions. The ventricular chambers are localized by echocardiographically identifying the tricuspid and mitral valves. They are a part of the morphologically right and left ventricles, respectively. As a general rule, the atrioventricular valve whose anterior leaflet is continuous with the posterior margin of a semilunar valve is the mitral valve. The atrioventricular valve whose anterior leaflet is not continuous with a posterior semilunar valve margin is the tricuspid valve. When the tricuspid valve is to the right of the mitral valve, the ventricles are in their normal positions (ventricular d-loop); when it is to the left, the ventricles are inverted (ventricular 1-loop). The relationship of the great arteries is determined by echocardiographically identifying the semilunar valves and noting their positions relative to each other, the interventricular septum and the ventricular chambers. In a ventricular d-loop, the aortic valve is usually to the right of the pulmonary valve. In a ventricular l-loop, the opposite is true. As much as a 17% error may exist when transposition of the great arteries is a component of the malformation. Therefore, as additional aids in semilunar valve identification the R-C intervals of the valves (interval between R wave of electrocardiogram and valve closure on echogram) and outside diameters of the valve roots are measured. Usually the R-C interval is longer and, in the absence of pulmonary stenosis, the outside diameter greater for the pulmonary valve. The segmental diagnoses are then combined to obtain the "'type" of heart, and a careful search is made for associated defects.Using this approach, the positions of the atrial and ventricular chambers and the relationship of the great arteries were accurately determined in the six complex cardiac malformations studied. Additional Indexing Words:Cardiac segmental diagnosis Ultrasound cardiography Noninvasive techniquesTransposition of the great arteries IN AN EARLIER REPORT the atrioventricular and semilunar valves were used as ultrasonic landmarks to obtain an echocardiographic profile of the heart and its great arteries in the normal neonate.' Since that study, additional uses of the atrioventricular and semilunar valves have resulted in our being able to predict the character of the internal cardiac From the Cardiology Section, Norton-Children's Hospital, and

show abstract

“…The seventh step is to search for associated defects. This is accomplished by analyzing the echocardiographic profile of the patient in terms of the following qualitative parameters: (1) …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Deductive Echo Analysis In Infantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deductive Echocardiographic Analysis in Infants with Congenital Heart Disease

1974

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, specific data on cardiac valve dimensions in preterm neonates are scarce [4]. Reference values have been established in term neonates or mixed populations of term and preterm neonates, often as a subgroup within a population spanning a broader range of childhood years [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] (Table 1). No study specifically aimed at preterm neonates, except for Skelton et al [11] and Abushaban et al [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiac Valve Annulus Diameters in Extremely Preterm Infants: A Cross-Sectional Echocardiographic Study

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: With the increasing incidence of births of very preterm very-low-birth-weight infants, there is a demand for echocardiographic reference values of cardiac dimensions. Objectives: The aim of this study was to provide reference values of cardiac valve annulus diameters in a cohort of extremely preterm very-low-birth-weight neonates and to correlate these with patient characteristics. Methods: Valve diameters of 376 infants of < 32 weeks’ gestation and with a birth weight of ≤2,000 g were measured using 2-dimensional echocardiography. Correlations between valve diameters and patient characteristics (birth length/weight, body surface area, gestational age, and sex) were assessed. Birth weight was used to establish linear regression models. Inter- and intraobserver agreement was assessed through intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) analysis. Results: Substantial variability was found (aortic valve mean [standard deviation; range]: 5.0 mm [0.6; 3.7–6.5]; pulmonic valve: 5.8 mm [0.8; 3.4–7.9]; mitral valve: 8.0 mm [1.0; 5.5–10.5]; tricuspid valve: 7.6 mm [1.2; 4.9–10.6]). There was a moderate correlation between birth weight and valve diameter (R² aortic valve: 0.36; pulmonic valve: 0.20; mitral valve: 0.24; tricuspid valve: 0.24). Adequate intraobserver (ICC range 0.74–0.91) and interobserver agreement (ICC range 0.77–0.89) was found. Conclusions: Our study provides ready-to-use reference values for cardiac valve annulus diameters for extremely preterm infants.

show abstract

“…Several recent reports have established normal values for neonatal intracardiac dimensions at sea level (1,2). The present investigation was undertaken t o establish at Denver's altitude (5,280 feet) normal cardiac dimensions in neonates appropriate for gestational age within the classification of Battaglia and Lubchenco ( 3 ) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Echocardiographic determinations of dimensions of normal newborns at 5,280 feet elevation

Lortscher

Williams

Wolfe

et al. 1974

J of Clinical Ultrasound

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Twenty healthy term newborn infants born at St. Anthony Hospital in Denver, Colorado were examined by echocardiography during the first 72 hours of life. All infants were without cardiac or pulmonary disease and were appropriate for gestational age within the classification of Battaglia and Lubchenco. Measurements of intracardiac dimensions, including right ventricular cavity, left ventricular cavity, left atrium and aortic root, as well as thickness of the intraventricular septum and posterior wall of the left ventricle, were determined by three independent observers. The data correlated with other studies performed at centers located at lower elevations.

show abstract

Echocardiography in the Normal Neonate

Cited by 95 publications

References 24 publications

Deductive Echocardiographic Analysis in Infants with Congenital Heart Disease

Deductive Echocardiographic Analysis in Infants with Congenital Heart Disease

Cardiac Valve Annulus Diameters in Extremely Preterm Infants: A Cross-Sectional Echocardiographic Study

Echocardiographic determinations of dimensions of normal newborns at 5,280 feet elevation

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About