Echocardiography findings in a case with Ballantyne syndrome

Abstract

Marked fluid retention occurs in Ballantyne syndrome, but few reports are available on changes in cardiac morphology in this syndrome. A woman with generalized edema, dyspnea, fetal hydrops (skin edema and ascites), thickened placenta, and elevated plasma BNP level (344 pg/mL) was admitted to our hospital at gestational week (GW) 20-3/7. Blood pressure remained within the normal range. However, acute increases in left atrial volume index, pulmonary artery systolic pressure, and hyperdynamic left ventricular function (as evidenced by increased left ventricular ejection fraction to 74% with cardiac index of 5.1 L/min/m 2 ) occurred preceding fetal death at GW 21-4/7 in the presence of increased inferior vena cava diameter (23 mm) and relatively low systemic vascular resistance of 752 dyn·s/cm 5 . These findings suggested life-threatening heart failure and required cesarean delivery at GW 21-5/7 resulting in complete recovery. The placenta suggested cytomegalovirus infection.