Echocardiography and Lung Ultrasound in Long <scp>COVID</scp> and <scp>Post‐COVID</scp> Syndrome, a Review Document of the Austrian Society of Pneumology and the Austrian Society of Ultrasound in Medicine

Altersberger, Martin; Goliasch, Georg; Khafaga, Mounir; Schneider, Matthias; Cho, Yerin; Winkler, Roland; Funk, Georg‐Christian; Binder, Thomas; Huber, Gustav; Zwick, Ralf‐Harun; Genger, Martin

doi:10.1002/jum.16068

Cited by 6 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…For these reasons, there was a rational for its use even in the follow-up of patients with COVID-19, and in fact, there is extensive experience in adult practice. Long COVID is defined as the persistence of symptoms after 4 weeks of acute infection, while "post-COVID syndrome" is defined as the persistence of symptoms after 12 weeks of acute infection in adults [26]. Both these syndromes offer another opportunity to spread LUS use even more.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Lung Ultrasound in the Follow-Up of Children with Previous SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Case-Control Assessment of Children with Long COVID or Fully Recovered

Buonsenso

Morello

Mariani

et al. 2023

JCM

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Lung ultrasound (LUS) can detect lower respiratory tract involvement in children with acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, its role in follow-up assessments is still unclear. To describe LUS findings in children after SARS-CoV-2 infection, we conducted a prospective study in a population of pediatric patients referred to the post-COVID unit in a tertiary center during the study period from February 2021 to May 2022. Children were classified as recovered from acute infection or with persisting symptoms. LUS was performed in all children and a LUS score (ranging from 0 to 36 points) was calculated according to the Italian Academy of Thoracic Ultrasound. Six hundred forty-seven children (304 females, 47%) were enrolled. The median follow-up evaluation was two months. The median age was 7.9 (IQR: 6) years. At the follow-up evaluation, 251 patients (38.8%) had persistent symptoms, of whom 104 (16.1%) had at least one respiratory symptom. The median LUS level was 2 (IQR: 4). LUS findings and LUS scores did not differ in children with Long COVID compared to the group of children fully recovered from the initial infection. In conclusion, after SARS-CoV-2 infection, LUS was mostly normal or showed minimal artifacts in all groups of children.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Lung Ultrasound in the Follow-Up of Children with Previous SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Case-Control Assessment of Children with Long COVID or Fully Recovered

Buonsenso

Morello

Mariani

et al. 2023

JCM

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“…As the number of symptomatic patients after an acute COVID-19 infection increased, the terms "long COVID" (symptoms after four weeks of acute infection) and "post-COVID syndrome" (symptoms after 12 weeks of acute infection) were introduced and are now used to describe more than 100 different persistent symptoms after acute infection [7,[31][32][33]. Pathologic chest CTs were found in 35% of patients 60 to 100 days after initial presentation, and pathological X-rays were present in approximately two-thirds of hospitalized COVID-19 patients [31,34].…”

Section: Long Covid and Post-covid Syndromementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Examples are seen in figures two with normal LUS anatomy and three and four with pathologic examples. A specific lung preset with a low mechanical index, single-focal point modality, and without harmonic imaging or other cosmetic filters was set with the focal zone placed at the area of the pleural line [7,35]. The frequency of the LUS preset with a linear transducer was set at 8 to 10 megahertz.…”

Section: Image Acquisitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Depth settings were adapted within a range of 4 to 8 cm. A convex transducer with a depth setting of 6 to 15 cm was selected in cases of larger patients and for quantifying pleural effusions or consolidations [7,36]. For larger patients, a cardiac transducer would have been applicable as well.…”

Section: Image Acquisitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A fragmented irregular pleural line points towards inflammation and the presence of comet tail artifacts. Such an example would be COVID-19 [4,7]. A smooth pleural line with vertical reverberation artifacts can be seen in pulmonary edema.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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One-Year Follow-Up Lung Ultrasound of Post-COVID Syndrome—A Pilot Study

et al. 2022

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(1) Background: Millions of people worldwide were infected with COVID-19. After the acute phase of the disease, many suffer from prolonged symptoms, the post-COVID syndrome, especially the phenotype with lung residuals. Many open questions regarding lung ultrasound (LUS) have to be answered. One essential question is the means for optimal following-up of patients with post-COVID-19 residuals with LUS; (2) Methods: A retrospective data analysis of patients after acute COVID-19 infection diagnosed with post-COVID syndrome in the state hospital of Steyr and the rehabilitation center of Hochegg was performed. LUS examinations following a 12-zone scanning protocol were performed, and the LUS score quantified comet tail artifacts. A total of 16 patients were evaluated twice with LUS from May 2020 until June 2021. (3) Results: All patients’ reverberation artifacts were reduced over time. The initial LUS score of 17.75 (SD 4.84) points was decreased over the duration of the second rehabilitation to 8,2 (SD 5.94). The difference in the Wilcoxon test was significant (p < 0.001); (4) Conclusions: Lung ultrasound was a valuable tool in the follow-up of post-COVID-syndrome with lung residuals in the first wave of COVID-19. A reduction in reverberation artifacts was demonstrated. Further studies about the clinical significance have to follow.

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Advancing healthcare through thoracic ultrasound research in older patients

Scarlata,

Okoye,

Zotti

et al. 2023

Aging Clin Exp Res

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This paper reports the proceedings of a meeting convened by the Research Group on Thoracic Ultrasound in Older People of the Italian Society of Gerontology and Geriatrics, to discuss the current state-of-the-art of clinical research in the field of geriatric thoracic ultrasound and identify unmet research needs and potential areas of development. In the last decade, point-of-care thoracic ultrasound has entered clinical practice for diagnosis and management of several respiratory illnesses, such as bacterial and viral pneumonia, pleural effusion, acute heart failure, and pneumothorax, especially in the emergency–urgency setting. Very few studies, however, have been specifically focused on older patients with frailty and multi-morbidity, who frequently exhibit complex clinical pictures needing multidimensional evaluation. At the present state of knowledge, there is still uncertainty on the best requirements of ultrasound equipment, methodology of examination, and reporting needed to optimize the advantages of thoracic ultrasound implementation in the care of geriatric patients. Other issues regard differential diagnosis between bacterial and aspiration pneumonia, objective grading of interstitial syndrome severity, quantification and monitoring of pleural effusions and solid pleural lesions, significance of ultrasonographic assessment of post-COVID-19 sequelae, and prognostic value of assessment of diaphragmatic thickness and motility. Finally, application of remote ultrasound diagnostics in the community and nursing home setting is still poorly investigated by the current literature. Overall, the presence of several open questions on geriatric applications of thoracic ultrasound represents a strong call to implement clinical research in this field.

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Echocardiography and Lung Ultrasound in Long COVID and Post‐COVID Syndrome, a Review Document of the Austrian Society of Pneumology and the Austrian Society of Ultrasound in Medicine

Cited by 6 publications

References 59 publications

Role of Lung Ultrasound in the Follow-Up of Children with Previous SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Case-Control Assessment of Children with Long COVID or Fully Recovered

Role of Lung Ultrasound in the Follow-Up of Children with Previous SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Case-Control Assessment of Children with Long COVID or Fully Recovered

One-Year Follow-Up Lung Ultrasound of Post-COVID Syndrome—A Pilot Study

Advancing healthcare through thoracic ultrasound research in older patients

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