Echocardiography

Côté, Étienne; MacDonald, Kristin A.; Meurs, Kathryn M.; Sleeper, Meg M.

doi:10.1002/9781118785782.ch7

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 35 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…We decided to use this method of measurement as it makes easier to create different categories of left atrial dilation; insufficient data are available regarding LA area measurement in cats with heart disease. 27…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Diagnostic accuracy of the vertebral heart score and other radiographic indices in the detection of cardiac enlargement in cats with different cardiac disorders

Guglielmini

Toaldo

Poser

et al. 2014

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A retrospective search was conducted to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the vertebral heart score (VHS) and other related radiographic indices in the detection of cardiac enlargement associated with different cardiac disorders in the cat. One hundred and five cats with a complete echocardiographic examination and radiographic examination of the thorax with at least two orthogonal views were enrolled. Eighty-three cats had different cardiac disorders, 72 with left-sided cardiac disorders (LSCD) and 11 with right-sided cardiac disorders; 22 cats were free of cardiovascular abnormalities. Measurements of VHS and cardiac long and short axes on lateral (L) and dorsoventral or ventrodorsal radiographs were obtained. Receiver operating characteristic curves were calculated to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of each radiographic index in differentiating between cats with cardiac disorders or cats with LSCD and cats without cardiac abnormalities and, among cats with LSCD, between those with no or mild left atrial enlargement (LAE) or those with moderate-to-severe LAE and healthy cats. The L-VHS at the cut-off of 7.9 had high diagnostic accuracy in distinguishing cats with LSCD and moderate-to-severe LAE from healthy cats, but all the other radiographic indices were moderately accurate in distinguishing between cats with overall cardiac disorders or LSCD, either with no or mild LAE and moderate-to-severe LAE, and healthy cats. The considered radiographic indices were also moderately accurate in predicting different degrees of LAE in cats with LSCD. Radiographic indices are reasonably specific, but less sensitive predictors of cardiac enlargement in cats with heart disorders.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In cats with LSCD, the ratio between the echocardiographic measurement of the left atrial diameter and the aortic root diameter (LA:Ao) was employed to categorise those without left atrial enlargement (LAE) (LA:Ao <1.5) and those with mild (LA:Ao ⩾1.51 and ⩽1.79), moderate (LA:Ao ⩾1.8 and ⩽1.99) and severe (LA:Ao >2) LAE. 27…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic accuracy of the vertebral heart score and other radiographic indices in the detection of cardiac enlargement in cats with different cardiac disorders

Guglielmini

Toaldo

Poser

et al. 2014

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…31,32,35,38 In these species, short STIs result from increased PVR and reduced distensibility of the pulmonary vascular bed, provoking an elevated RV afterload and thus an earlier reach of MaxPV. 30,38,50 In accordance with a prolonged time to reach MaxPV, over half (n = 17/26) of the hyperthyroid cats had a MaxPV above the normal reference value (>1 ms), 41 including nine cats in which the value was >1.5 ms. No study has reported similar changes in dogs or humans with PH. It is plausible that hyperthyroidism causes an increase RV contractility contributing to an increased pulmonary arterial flow velocity in the absence of increased PVR in these cats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Interestingly, one healthy cat had an RVFS of 66%, which was considered to be an outlier based on Grubb's test, while all others of the same group had values <50% (normal reference interval [RI] 45-50%). 39,41 In comparison, 7/18 hyperthyroid cats had an RVFS of >50%. Four of these seven cats had RVIDs and RVIDd values lower than the lowest IQR value of the healthy cat group, while this was the case only for RVIDs in the remaining three cats.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…[44][45][46][47] Increasing energy demand associated with elevated T4 concentrations reportedly drives the development of thyrotoxic cardiomyopathy. 41,44,46,48 Thyrotoxic cardiomyopathy can affect up to 45% of hyperthyroid cats, especially with severe hyperthyroidism, and echocardiographic changes are reversible following return to an euthyroid state. 49 In the event that systolic PAP remains within the normal RI, an increase in RVFS may reflect a potential decrease in afterload where blood is more easily ejected from the RV into the PT.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

No evidence of pulmonary hypertension revealed in an echographic evaluation of right-sided hemodynamics in hyperthyroid cats

Lachance

Conversy

Wiggen

et al. 2022

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objectives Hyperthyroidism is a common endocrinopathy affecting middle-aged to elderly cats, with multisystemic repercussions. Hyperthyroid humans show decreased lung compliance and increased cardiac output with subsequent left heart failure leading to pulmonary capillary congestion. Prognosis worsens with the development of increased pulmonary vascular pressures (ie, pulmonary hypertension [PH]) in hyperthyroid humans. The effect of excess thyroid hormone concentration on pulmonary arterial hemodynamics is unknown in cats. Assessing pulmonary vascular pressures in veterinary medicine relies heavily on echocardiographic measurements performed at the level of the heart and pulmonary trunk. This study investigated right-sided cardiac and pulmonary arterial hemodynamics in hyperthyroid cats using echocardiography. Methods Echocardiographic examinations of hyperthyroid cats identified through a bi-institutional database search were reviewed for the determination of systolic pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) and 20 other metrics. Values were compared with those of a healthy cat group using non-parametric statistical analyses. Results Systolic PAP could not be determined in 23/26 hyperthyroid and 13/14 healthy cats owing to unmeasurable tricuspid regurgitation flow velocity. Hyperthyroid cats were roughly twice as old ( P <0.001) and had 2–4-fold higher respiratory rates ( P <0.001) than healthy cats. Hyperthyroid cats showed an increase in acceleration time-to-ejection time ratio of pulmonary flow (1.4-fold, P = 0.001), pulmonary artery velocity time integral (1.2–1.6-fold, P = 0.001), maximal pulmonary velocity (1.3–1.7-fold, P = 0.002), stroke volume (1.5-fold, P = 0.001) and cardiac output (1.6-fold, P <0.001) vs healthy cats. None of the other echocardiographic metrics reached statistical significance. Conclusions and relevance Systolic PAP estimation proved unsuitable as a sole measurement for the assessment of PH in hyperthyroid cats owing to the frequent inability to interrogate tricuspid regurgitant flow velocity. Hyperthyroid cats have altered echocardiographic measures of pulmonary hemodynamics dissimilar to those reported in hyperthyroid humans. Differential effects of thyrotoxic cardiomyopathy on ventricular systolic function may underlie species differences.

show abstract

Focused Cardiac Ultrasonography in Cats

Loughran

2021

Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Echocardiography

Cited by 4 publications

References 35 publications

Diagnostic accuracy of the vertebral heart score and other radiographic indices in the detection of cardiac enlargement in cats with different cardiac disorders

Diagnostic accuracy of the vertebral heart score and other radiographic indices in the detection of cardiac enlargement in cats with different cardiac disorders

No evidence of pulmonary hypertension revealed in an echographic evaluation of right-sided hemodynamics in hyperthyroid cats

Focused Cardiac Ultrasonography in Cats

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About