Echocardiographic measurements of right heart size and function in healthy horses

Decloedt, Annelies; Clercq, Dominique De; Sofie, S. Ven; Vekens, Nicky Van Der; Sys, Stanislas U.; Broux, Barbara; Loon, Gunther van

doi:10.1111/evj.12554

Cited by 20 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…A higher eccentricity index reflects septal flattening, indicating RV overload. RV volume overload results mainly in a higher end‐diastolic LV eccentricity index, whereas RV pressure overload results in higher end‐systolic and end‐diastolic LV eccentricity indices . Asthmatic horses also had a longer RV pre‐ejection period and lower segmental longitudinal strain and strain rate values, reflecting decreased RV contractile function.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Right ventricular function during acute exacerbation of severe equine asthma

Decloedt

Borowicz

Słowikowska

et al. 2017

Equine Veterinary Journal

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Right ventricular function during acute exacerbation of severe equine asthma

Decloedt

Borowicz

Słowikowska

et al. 2017

Equine Veterinary Journal

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“…Therefore, we used the examination technique of tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) in this study to achieve a high sensitivity in identifying age‐related changes of the equine myocardium. Tissue Doppler imaging is well established in cardiac diagnostics in human and equine medicine (Decloedt, Verheyen, Sys, De Clercq, & van Loon, ; Decloedt et al., ; König, Mitchell, & Schwarzwald, ; Sepulveda, Perkins, Bowen, & Marr, ). The acquired data can be used to determine the velocities of different phases of the myocardial contraction (systolic contraction = S‐wave, early diastolic relaxation = E‐wave, late diastolic contraction = A‐wave) and further myocardial function parameters (isovolumetric contraction = IVC, isovolumetric relaxation = IVR, isovolumetric contraction/relaxation time, systolic ejection time = ET) (Lind, Nowak, Dorph, van der Linden, & Brodin, ; Schwarzwald, Schober, & Bonagura, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of age‐dependent changes of myocardial velocity using pulsed wave and colour tissue Doppler imaging in adult warmblood horses

Gehlen

Bildheim

2018

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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Our aim was to evaluate the influence of the ageing process on the myocardium using pulsed wave tissue Doppler (PW-TDI) and colour tissue Doppler imaging (cTDI) to measure myocardial velocities at three different myocardial regions (right ventricular free wall: RVFW, interventricular septum: IVS, left ventricular free wall: LVFW). A total of 60 healthy warmblood horses, aged from 3 to 30 years, were examined. The horses were divided into five age groups (group 1: 3-8 years, n = 14; group 2: 9-13 years, n = 9; group 3: 14-18 years, n = 10; group 4: 19-23 years, n = 14; group 5: 24-30 years, n = 10). The results showed that age has a significant influence on the radial myocardial velocity of horses in different myocardial regions. This influence was detectable by both echocardiographic techniques, although PW-TDI measurements showed a higher reproducibility due to lower intraindividual variation coefficients. Systolic contraction velocity (p ≤ 0.01) and early diastolic relaxation velocity (p ≤ 0.001) in the LVFW decreased significantly with ageing, while late diastolic contraction velocity increased (0.001 < p ≤ 0.01). Early and late diastolic contraction velocities at the IVS increased significantly with ageing (p ≤ 0.001). Systolic and late-diastolic contraction velocities at the RVFW increased significantly with ageing (p ≤ 0.001). The results indicated a decrease in left ventricular contraction ability and reduced myocardial relaxation and altered diastolic function in the right ventricle with increasing age. These functional changes may be signs of age-related structural myocardial changes or cardiac remodelling, such as increased myocardial stiffness. Thus, an assessment of the radial myocardial velocities of a horse's heart with TDI should always consider physiological age-related changes in contractility. Comparing the two examination techniques (PW-TDI and cTDI) we used in our study, we found that both methods showed comparable age-related alterations. Nevertheless, differences in absolute values were found with a tendency of higher values using PW-TDI in comparison to cTDI.

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“…Heterogeneity and thinning of the myocardium suggest inflammation and ischemia 24 . These parameters were assessed subjectively and based on previous publications, 17,25 but remained subject to interpretation by the echocardiographer. However, the presence of hyperechoic lesions or thinning of the myocardium at the site where heterogeneity was previously observed was supportive of the fact that heterogeneity was, in fact, pathological in these horses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute, subacute and chronic sequelae of horses accidentally exposed to monensin‐contaminated feed

Leclère

Bélanger

et al. 2020

Equine Veterinary Journal

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Background: Monensin is highly toxic to horses and inadvertent ingestion can result in cardiac injury and death. Objectives: To describe sequelae of monensin ingestion and to determine clinical predictors of outcome. Study design: Observational clinical study. Methods: Physical examination, electrocardiogram and echocardiography were performed on 76 horses accidentally exposed to monensin-contaminated feed. Four horses were examined within 14 days of exposure (acute period), 29 horses were examined between 15 and 45 days post-exposure (subacute period) and 70 horses were examined 4-10 months after exposure (chronic period). Follow-up information was obtained for 56 horses by telephone interviews approximately 16 months after exposure. Results: Cardiac abnormalities were detected in 4/4, 19/29 and 31/70 horses during the acute, subacute and chronic periods, respectively. Sixteen months post-exposure, 34 of the 64 horses (53%) for which the outcome was known had returned to their previous use, 13 (20%) were reported to be exercise intolerant, three (5%) were retired and 14 (22%) were dead (two deaths, 12 euthanasia). Thinning of the myocardium observed at any point in time was associated with a negative outcome. Heterogeneity of the myocardium observed in the acute/subacute period was associated with a negative outcome while subjective contractile intraventricular dyssynchrony, cardiac chamber dilation, decreased fractional shortening and multiple premature ventricular complexes observed in the chronic period were associated with a negative outcome. Some horses with significant changes associated with a negative outcome in the chronic phase still returned to their previous work. Main limitations: No control group and only 27 horses were examined more than once.

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Echocardiographic measurements of right heart size and function in healthy horses

Abstract: Right heart size and function can be assessed with low variability in horses.

Cited by 20 publications

References 26 publications

Right ventricular function during acute exacerbation of severe equine asthma

Right ventricular function during acute exacerbation of severe equine asthma

Evaluation of age‐dependent changes of myocardial velocity using pulsed wave and colour tissue Doppler imaging in adult warmblood horses

Acute, subacute and chronic sequelae of horses accidentally exposed to monensin‐contaminated feed

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