Echocardiographic Evaluation of Myocardial Function in Standardbreds During the First Year of Race Training

Gehlen, Heidrun; Schlaga, A

doi:10.1016/j.jevs.2019.07.001

Cited by 2 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…In another work, increases in BW, LVIDd, LV mass, and MWT were verified after six months of low-intensity conditioning in both trained and control groups due to normal growth [11]. Additionally, the percentage increase in ventricular diameter in young standardbred horses [2] after six months of conditioning was found to be greater than that reported by other researchers after ten months of training using animals of the same breed [7]. These divergences highlight the importance of carrying out a controlled study, as is the case in the present work, which despite not having included a control group, employed an individualized lactate-guided conditioning protocol according to the physical fitness of each animal.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…To differentiate conditioning effects from normal heart growth, a control group with animals of the same age and gender is required [4,7]. However, as it is difficult to find young untrained horses, only two studies used this resource [10,11].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In horses, the most common change found is eccentric hypertrophy, characterized by an increased left ventricular volume and the proportional increase in the myocardial wall thickness, thus maintaining the relative thickness. This adaptation observed in racing and endurance horses resembles the heart of human athletes who perform aerobic sports [2][3][4]7]. Concentric hypertrophy, on the other hand, is determined by wall thickening, relatively small ventricular volume, and increased relative thickness [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Nevertheless, similar to what is observed in human athletes, some studies on the effects of conditioning in horses showed varied results in structural and functional cardiac indexes. This was explained by the different characteristics of the training program, as well as its intensity, volume, and duration [2,[6][7][8][10][11][12][13]. Additionally, disparities in body size, age, gender, and possibly between breeds make it difficult to extrapolate results and comparisons [2,5,8,[14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although some studies employed echocardiography to evaluate the effect of conditioning in horses submitted to track [1,2,4,[7][8][9]11] or treadmill training [10], they did not report the use of any objective method to guide the conditioning. So far, only one study, more specifically a doctoral thesis, investigated cardiac adaptation after lactate-guided treadmill conditioning.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cardiac Changes after Lactate-Guided Conditioning in Young Purebred Arabian Horses

Santos

Ramos

Figueiredo

et al. 2023

Animals

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Cardiac adaptation to conditioning in horses was evaluated after empirical training based on trainers’ experience. Twelve purebred Arabian horses, aged (mean ± SD) 28.42 ± 3.75 months, which did not perform any type of exercise prior to the research, were submitted to treadmill conditioning for six weeks. The conditioning program was based on the velocity run by the horse at which the blood lactate concentration, determined in an incremental exercise test (IET), reached 2 mmol/L (V2). The velocity at which the blood lactate concentration reached 4 mmol/L (V4) was also determined. The echocardiograms were performed at rest with pulsed-wave and tissue Doppler imaging in B- and M-modes. All procedures were carried out before and after the conditioning period. The results showed increases in V2 (from 5.2 ± 0.3 to 6.7 ± 0.4 m/s) and V4 (from 5.8 ± 0.4 to 7.6 ± 0.5 m/s) (p < 0.0001). There were also increases in the left ventricle internal diameter at diastole (LVIDd), left ventricle mass (LV mass), and stroke volume (SV), while no changes were observed in the LV free wall thickness and mean and relative wall thicknesses. The conditioning protocol, which was completed by all horses, proved to be safe and efficient, as it improved the aerobic capacity of the animals. Finally, the cardiac remodeling that occurred was mainly associated with the effect of physical training.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Cardiac Changes after Lactate-Guided Conditioning in Young Purebred Arabian Horses

Santos

Ramos

Figueiredo

et al. 2023

Animals

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Electrocardiographic and Echocardiographic Parameters in Pega Breed Donkeys: A Descriptive Study

Aleixo

Oliveira

Ferreira

et al. 2023

Animals

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Clinical, electrocardiographic and echocardiographic parameters in Pega donkeys are scarce in the literature; hence, this study was performed to describe the echocardiographic and electrocardiographic measurements in Pega breed donkeys. The objectives of this study were to describe and illustrate the clinical, electrocardiographic, and echocardiographic parameters in Pega donkeys used for reproduction. Fifty Pega breed donkeys were evaluated, with an average age of 3.4 years and with 20 males and 30 females. In each animal, the electrocardiographic examination at rest was performed using the TEB® computerized system, and the echocardiographic examination was performed using an ultrasound device with a Doppler function multifrequency sectorial transducer in 2D mode (Sonosite® M turbo). Standardizing the electrocardiographic and echocardiographic parameters for the Pega breed donkey can contribute to future assessments regarding possible changes that excessive effort can promote in these parameters to a management engrossed on animal welfare.

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Echocardiographic Evaluation of Myocardial Function in Standardbreds During the First Year of Race Training

Cited by 2 publications

References 36 publications

Cardiac Changes after Lactate-Guided Conditioning in Young Purebred Arabian Horses

Cardiac Changes after Lactate-Guided Conditioning in Young Purebred Arabian Horses

Electrocardiographic and Echocardiographic Parameters in Pega Breed Donkeys: A Descriptive Study

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