Echocardiographic evaluation of dogs subjected to different protocols of anesthetic induction

Abstract

The objective of this study was to investigate the echocardiographic changes during anesthesia induction in dogs sedated with acepromazine (0.05mg/kg) and butorphanol (0.3mg/kg) (AB). Twenty-four male dogs, with a mean weight of 12.40kg±3.1kg, were randomly assigned to 4 groups (n=6). Fifteen minutes after administering pre-anesthetic medication, anesthesia with diazepam (0.5mg/kg) and etomidate (1mg/kg) (group DE); diazepam (0.5mg/kg) and ketamine (3mg/kg) (group CD); propofol (4mg/kg) (group P); or ketamine (1mg/kg) and propofol (3mg/kg) (group CP) was administered to the 6 dogs in each group. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured and echocardiography was performed immediately prior to the application of the sedation protocol (baseline), 15 minutes after sedation (M1), and immediately after anesthesia induction (M2). No significant differences were observed in SBP and in hemodynamic variables such as cardiac index, shortening fraction, and ejection fraction, between groups at all time points (M0, M1, and M2) evaluated. The SBP was significantly reduced after anesthetic induction in the dogs of the DE and CP groups. It can be concluded that the protocols DE and CP reduce similarly to SPB in dogs medicated with CD and P to SBP remain stable after anesthetic induction. All anesthetic induction protocols maintained a stable IC in premedicated dogs. None of the protocols evaluated promoted significant echocardiographic changes. Furthermore, the ketamine and diazepam combination had a negative impact on myocardial relaxation.

Isolated dextrocardia with situs solitus in a dog - case report

“…In daily veterinary practice, in both in cardiac preoperative evaluations for several surgeries and in preventive approaches, ECG and echocardiography have been increasingly used as fundamental tools in the prevention of cardiac events. Nevertheless, we emphasize the importance of performing both laboratory and preoperative cardiological examinations, as this medical management will enable the identification of possible anesthetic complications and those related to the surgical procedure itself ( Cardoso et al, 2018 ).…”

Effects of different rates of propofol with or without S-ketamine on ventricular function in healthy cats – a randomized study

“…To ensure safe sedation or anesthesia, it is essential to assess the influence of anesthetics on these variables including propofol. Echocardiography has become an important diagnostic technique for detecting hemodynamic changes related to induction of anesthesia with propofol in dogs ( 8 , 13 ) and procedural sedation injectable protocols in cats ( 14 , 15 ). However, there is a lack of echocardiography studies investigating the effects of propofol administered at different rates in cats and particularly mimicking procedural sedation.…”