Echocardiographic assessment of a normal adult aging population.

Gerstenblith, Gary; Frederiksen, James W.; Yin, F. C. P.; Fortuin, Nicholas J.; Lakatta, Edward G.; Weisfeldt, Myron L.

doi:10.1161/01.cir.56.2.273

Cited by 535 publications

(264 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…On the other hand, de Simone et al have previously reported that increase in LV mass with age in women was associated with hemodynamic and hormonal changes that were not evident in men, suggesting a volume expansion occurring after menopause (31). Furthermore, the LV wall thickness and LV mass have been shown to significantly increase with advancing age in healthy normotensive subjects (32,33). Therefore, a possible explanation for the absence of an association between LV mass and age in our female hypertensive patients would be the small sample size.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Sex-Related Differences in the Relations of Insulin Resistance and Obesity to Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Japanese Hypertensive Patients

et al. 2006

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Sex-Related Differences in the Relations of Insulin Resistance and Obesity to Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Japanese Hypertensive Patients

et al. 2006

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“…Another risk factor for AF may be the increase in left atrial size that accompanies advancing age in otherwise healthy persons. 33 Limited data available in older subjects without apparent heart disease support a marked age-associated increase in the prevalence and complexity of ventricular ectopy (VE), both at rest and during exercise, at least in men. A steep increase in the prevalence of VE with advancing age occurs in both those clinically free of heart disease and in unselected populations.…”

Section: Heart Rhythmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arterial and Cardiac Aging: Major Shareholders in Cardiovascular Disease Enterprises

2003

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The preceding article in this series 1 reviewed evidence as to why age-associated changes in the central arterial system are risky with respect to vascular disease. In a similar vane, the focus of this article is on the potential link between ageassociated changes in the heart and clinical cardiac disease outcomes.Left ventricular hypertrophy, heart failure, and atrial fibrillation increase dramatically with age ( Figure 1). The prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) also increases with rising blood pressure and body mass index, a measure of obesity. [2][3][4] Whether identified by electrocardiography or echocardiography, left ventricular hypertrophy has been shown to be associated with increased risk for coronary heart disease, sudden death, stroke, and overall cardiovascular disease. 4,5 It has been increasingly appreciated that the development of heart failure with apparently preserved systolic function, as evidenced by a "normal" ejection fraction, occurs in about one-third to one-half of older patients with heart failure. 6 -9 In a patient with heart failure, a diagnosis of diastolic heart failure can be inferred, largely by exclusion, when other comorbidities that masquerade as heart failure are ruled out and left ventricular ejection fraction is intact. 10 Atrial fibrillation (AF) is detected in approximately 3% to 4% of healthy volunteers over age 60 years who are rigorously screened to exclude clinical coronary artery disease; this is a rate 10-fold higher than in the general adult population. 11,12 In the Framingham population, a history of AF without identifiable cause (so-called "lone" AF) was present 16.8% of men and 6.0% of women with AF at a mean age of about 70 years. 12 During long-term follow-up, individuals with lone AF suffered over 4 times as many strokes as control subjects, although their rates of coronary events or congestive heart failure were similar to those of controls. The proportion of AF cases that occur in the absence of an identifiable cause differs between studies. These differences are due to differences in characteristics of subjects and the rigor with which underlying causes are sought. Age-Associated Changes in Cardiac Structure and Function in Persons Without a Heart Disease DiagnosisThere is a continuum of expression of cardiac structural and functional alterations that occurs with age in healthy humans, and these age-associated cardiac changes seem to have relevance to the steep increases in LVH, chronic heart failure, and AF seen with increasing age. Cardiac StructureCross-sectional studies of subjects without hypertension or clinically apparent cardiovascular disease indicate that left ventricular (LV) wall thickness, measured via M-mode echocardiography, increases progressively with age in both sexes ( Figure 2A). In older hospitalized patients without apparent cardiovascular disease, in whom overall LV mass was not increased, cardiac myocyte enlargement was observed at autopsy, along with an decrease in the estimated myocyte number that was greater in males...

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“…These researchers have reported that age was the major determinant of aortic size among the normal population 17,18) . The Framingham Heart Study reported that the size of the aortic root was determined by age, body weight, height, and sex, and was slightly influenced by blood pressure 19) .…”

Section: Ultrasound Examination Of Aortic Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

Age is a Major Pathobiological Determinant of Aortic Dilatation: A Large Autopsy Study of Community Deaths

Sawabe

Hamamatsu

Chida

et al. 2011

JAT

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Motoji Sawabe and Akihiko Hamamatsu equally contributed to this work.Aim: Aortic dilatation is a well-known phenomenon in the elderly. We therefore aimed to study the pathobiological determinants of aortic dilatation. Methods: Retrospective chart review. The subjects were 833 consecutive autopsy cases (616 men and 217 women) of community deaths. The age at death ranged from 20 to 94 years, with an average of 59.2 years. We measured the internal circumference of the aortic root, arch, descending portion, abdominal portion, and bifurcation in unfixed opened aorta at the time of autopsy. Results: The simple correlation between age and aortic circumference was strongest for the descending portion, followed by the arch, abdominal portion, root, and bifurcation. The simple correlation coefficient reached 0.836 for the descending portion ( p 0.001). The circumference of the descending portion increased significantly as the severity of aortic atherosclerosis increased ( p for trend 0.001). Multiple regression analysis showed that age, sex, and body height were significantly correlated with the aortic circumference at all five measurement sites, while severe atherosclerosis was correlated with the aortic circumference at the root, and descending and abdominal portions. Six contributing factors (age, sex, body height, smoking history, hypertension, and severe atherosclerosis) explained 68.5% of the variance in circumference in the descending portion; age explained 57.5%; sex 8.4%; body height 1%; and severe atherosclerosis 0.8%. Conclusion: The contribution of atherosclerosis to aortic dilation was very weak, representing less than one seventieth of the contribution of age. The aortic circumference, especially in the descending portion, serves as an excellent age-related marker. J Atheroscler Thromb, 2011; 18:157-165.

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Echocardiographic assessment of a normal adult aging population.

Cited by 535 publications

References 37 publications

Sex-Related Differences in the Relations of Insulin Resistance and Obesity to Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Japanese Hypertensive Patients

Sex-Related Differences in the Relations of Insulin Resistance and Obesity to Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Japanese Hypertensive Patients

Arterial and Cardiac Aging: Major Shareholders in Cardiovascular Disease Enterprises

Age is a Major Pathobiological Determinant of Aortic Dilatation: A Large Autopsy Study of Community Deaths

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