Echocardiographic and Laboratory Findings in Coronary Slow Flow Phenomenon: cross-sectional study and review

Abstract

<jats:p>Background and aims Coronary Slow flow is a phenomenon known as slow contrast flow that injected into the coronary arteries, without epicardial coronary arteries obstruction. The etiology of this disease is unknown. Endothelial dysfunction, known as a major cause of Coronary Slow flow syndrome (CSF). Methods: This study was cross-sectional (descriptive-analytic), which was performed on patients admitted to Seyedoshohada Heart Center, during one year (2018-2019). Considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria, patients were divided into two groups of normal coronary arteries (NECA, as the control group) and with the Coronary slow-flow (CSF). Results: In the present study, 124 patients were studied, 67.9% in the coronary slow flow group and 39.4% in the control group were men (p=0.001). In the coronary slow flow group, the mean age of patients was 52.18 ± 12.55 years and in the control group, the mean age was 51.77 ± 10.36 years (p=0.18). Mean BMI was significantly higher in the coronary slow flow group than the control group (p &lt;0.05). The smoking, hypertension, and mean of Lymphocyte, Hb, Hct, Plt, MPV, RDW, BUN, FBS, TG, TC, LDL was significantly higher coronary slow flow group. Also, in echocardiography, the mean E wave, E/A ratio was significantly lower in the coronary slow flow group. The GLS was also significantly lower in the control group (p=0.01). LAD was the most common type of coronaries that involved with a slow flow. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that there was a significant increase in the rate of coronary slow flow in men, smokers, high BMI, and hypertensive patients. Also, platelet count, MPV, LDL, FBS, and some laboratory variables were high in patients with CSF. Mild diastolic dysfunction and low GLS were observed in this group of patients.</jats:p>

Comparsion between CT coronaries and Carotid dupplex in ischemic Patients

“…According to Mohammadzad et al, [9], LVEF, IVSD, and E wave were considerably lower in the study group than the control group.…”

Association of eosinophil-to-lymphocyte ratio with coronary slow-flow phenomenon in patients undergoing coronary angiography

“…Besides that, Seyyed Mohammadzad et al found that men, smokers, hypertensive individuals, and those with a high BMI had considerably higher rates of CSFP. Furthermore, the platelet count of these individuals was substantially higher [28].…”

Evaluation of left ventricular function in patients with coronary slow flow: A systematic review and meta-analysis

“…Meanwhile, the CSF group had a higher BMI and SBP, with lower HDL, while there were no significant differences in the DBP, HTN, DM, family history of CAD, TG, TC, and LDL. The results of the CAG were pooled [ 9 , 17 , 20 , 22 , 25 , 26 , 30 , 33 , 34 , 37 ], suggesting that among the three coronary arteries, left anterior descending artery involvement was observed in 73% of patients, left circumflex artery involvement in 63%, and right coronary artery involvement in 54%. In 43% of patients with CSF, all three vessels were affected, while two-vessel and one-vessel diseases were observed in 31% and 26% of cases, respectively.…”

“…Of the 22 studies, 2 were excluded from the meta-analysis because they did not report the measurement method of LVEF [ 24 , 34 ]. Twenty studies assessed LVEF using the modified biplane Simpson method; 1012 in the CSF group and 798 in the control group.…”

“…Seven studies reported GLS [23,25,27,30,[32][33][34]: 328 in the CSF group and 304 in the control group. The GLS of the CSF group was reduced when compared to the control group (SMD: -1.35; 95% CI: -2.15, -0.54; I 2 = 94.9%) (Fig.…”