Echocardiograhic and anatomic studies of the maternotrophoblastic border during the first trimester of pregnancy

Hustin, J.; Schaaps, Jean-Pierre

doi:10.1016/s0002-9378(87)80371-x

Cited by 332 publications

(149 citation statements)

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“…Such a syncytium also forms in human conceptuses cultured for 13 d or 14 d in vitro, when it forms the periphery of a layer of trophoblast encircling the epiblast (74,75). It has been inferred that this syncytial mass, as it advances within the uterine wall, hollows out lacunae, which become filled with fluid from breached uterine glands and maternal blood vessels and likely provision the conceptus (67,(76)(77)(78). Within a few days, however, columns of CTB penetrate the STB to form primary villi, which eventually branch, acquire cores of blood vessels and connective tissue, and form the placenta proper.…”

Section: Release Of Infection-competent Virus By Esc and Esc-derived mentioning

confidence: 99%

Vulnerability of primitive human placental trophoblast to Zika virus

Sheridan

Yunusov

Balaraman

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

157

156

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Infection of pregnant women by Asian lineage strains of Zika virus (ZIKV) has been linked to brain abnormalities in their infants, yet it is uncertain when during pregnancy the human conceptus is most vulnerable to the virus. We have examined two models to study susceptibility of human placental trophoblast to ZIKV: cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast derived from placental villi at term and colonies of trophoblast differentiated from embryonic stem cells (ESC). The latter appear to be analogous to the primitive placenta formed during implantation. The cells from term placentas, which resist infection, do not express genes encoding most attachment factors implicated in ZIKV entry but do express many genes associated with antiviral defense. By contrast, the ESC-derived trophoblasts possess a wide range of attachment factors for ZIKV entry and lack components of a robust antiviral response system. These cells, particularly areas of syncytiotrophoblast within the colonies, quickly become infected, produce infectious virus and undergo lysis within 48 h after exposure to low titers (multiplicity of infection > 0.07) of an African lineage strain (MR766 Uganda: ZIKVU) considered to be benign with regards to effects on fetal development. Unexpectedly, lytic effects required significantly higher titers of the presumed more virulent FSS13025 Cambodia (ZIKVC). Our data suggest that the developing fetus might be most vulnerable to ZIKV early in the first trimester before a protective zone of mature villous trophoblast has been established. Additionally, MR766 is highly trophic toward primitive trophoblast, which may put the early conceptus of an infected mother at high risk for destruction.

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Section: Release Of Infection-competent Virus By Esc and Esc-derived mentioning

confidence: 99%

Vulnerability of primitive human placental trophoblast to Zika virus

Sheridan

Yunusov

Balaraman

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

157

156

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“…Originally, it was thought that the placental intervillous circulation is established from 1 week after implantation onwards. 2 However, this well-established dogma was challenged by the studies of Hustin and Schaaps, 5,6 demonstrating that the maternal intraplacental circulation is limited before 12 weeks of gestation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most convincing evidence obtained by Hustin and Schaaps 5,6 came from injections of the arterial circulation of pregnant hysterectomy specimens with barium sulfate, followed by fixation, sectioning, radiography, and threedimensional reconstruction. These data indicated that during the first trimester the intervillous space of the developing placenta is separated from the uterine circulation by plugs of trophoblast cells that occlude the tips of the uteroplacental arteries.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These data indicated that during the first trimester the intervillous space of the developing placenta is separated from the uterine circulation by plugs of trophoblast cells that occlude the tips of the uteroplacental arteries. 5 At the end of the first trimester these plugs are dislocated, allowing maternal blood to flow freely and continuously in the intervillous space. Thus, according to these findings, in normal pregnancy the human placenta is not truly hemochorial until the end of the first trimester.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hustin and Schaaps 5,6 also included ultrasound data in their original studies. Using a transvaginal probe they detected few, if any, moving echoes within the intervillous space during the first trimester, suggesting again only limited flow.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trophoblastic Oxidative Stress in Relation to Temporal and Regional Differences in Maternal Placental Blood Flow in Normal and Abnormal Early Pregnancies

Jauniaux

Hempstock

Greenwold

et al. 2003

The American Journal of Pathology

455

285

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Onset of the maternal-placental circulation was studied by Doppler ultrasonography in 65 pairs of agematched normal and abnormal pregnancies. In normal pregnancies intervillous blood flow increased with gestational age, being detected in 9 of 25 cases at 8 to 9 weeks but in 18 of 20 at 12 to 13 weeks (P ‫؍‬ 0.001). By contrast, in abnormal pregnancies flow was detected in nearly all cases (22 of 25) at 8 to 9 weeks (P < 0.001). In addition, regional differences were observed between the groups. Early flow was restricted to the peripheral regions of most normal placentas (P < 0.001), whereas in missed miscarriages it was most common in central regions or throughout the placenta (P < 0.05 and P < 0.001, respectively). Immunoreactivity for heat shock protein 70 and nitrotyrosine residues was greater in samples from peripheral than from central regions of normal placentas (P ‫؍‬ 0.028 and P ‫؍‬ 0.019, respectively), and from missed miscarriages compared to controls (P ‫؍‬ 0.005 and P ‫؍‬ 0.001, respectively). Our results indicate that oxidative damage to the trophoblast, induced by premature and widespread onset of the maternal placental circulation secondary to shallow trophoblast invasion, is a key factor in early pregnancy loss. High oxygen concentrations in the periphery of normal early placentas may similarly induce local regression of the villi, leading to formation of the chorion laeve. Placentation in the human is characterized by diffuse infiltration of the endometrium and the inner third of the myometrium by extravillous trophoblast cells.

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