Echo-enhancing agents: their physics and pharmacology

Schlief, Reinhard

doi:10.1007/978-94-011-5704-9_5

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…This disadvantage could be partially overcome by the intravenous application of an ultrasonic contrast medium which can increase the reflected ultrasonic energy by nearly 20 dB, and, by this, enhance the sensitivity of CDDI in detecting minimal and slow blood flow remaining below the detection threshold under unenhanced conditions. 18,19 Thus, the use of an ultrasonic contrast agent reduced the false-negative rate of CDDI from 30% to 17%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reliability and Validity of Noninvasive Imaging of Internal Carotid Artery Pseudo-Occlusion

Fürst

Saleh

Wenserski

et al. 1999

Stroke

125

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Background and Purpose-Our study evaluated noninvasive tests for the diagnosis of atheromatous internal carotid artery (ICA) pseudo-occlusion. Methods-Twenty patients (17 men, 3 women; mean age ϮSD, 64.3Ϯ11.6 years) with angiographically proven atheromatous ICA pseudo-occlusion (20 vessels) were prospectively examined with MR angiography (MRA; 2D and 3D time-of-flight techniques), color Doppler-assisted duplex imaging (CDDI) and power-flow imaging (PFI) with and without an intravenous ultrasonic contrast agent. As a control group, 13 patients (13 men; meanϮSD age, 63.0Ϯ9.0 years) with angiographically proven ICA occlusion (13 vessels) were studied with the same techniques. For the determination of interobserver agreement ( statistics), the findings of each diagnostic technique were read by 2 blinded and independent observers who were not involved in patient recruitment and initial data acquisition. Specificity and sensitivity were calculated for all noninvasive techniques (observer consensus) in comparison to the standard of reference (intra-arterial angiography). Results-Interobserver reliabilities were ϭ0.86 for intra-arterial angiography, ϭ0.90 for unenhanced CDDI,

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…18,19 Based on these findings, both CDDI and PFI examinations were performed under echo-enhanced and unenhanced conditions in each patient. The contrast agent (16 mL; 200 mg/mL; Levovist, Schering) was continuously administered (0.5 mL/s) through a cubital vein.…”

Section: Ultrasonographic Examinationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliability and Validity of Noninvasive Imaging of Internal Carotid Artery Pseudo-Occlusion

Fürst

Saleh

Wenserski

et al. 1999

Stroke

125

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“…Levovist (Shering, Berlin, Germany) is the most widely used microbubble contrast agent and the only one commercially available in most countries. Levovist is made of microbubbles of air covered by a thin layer of palmitic acid in a galactose solution [8,10].…”

Section: Ultrasound Contrast Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Echovist (Schering, Berlin, Germany), is a precursor of Levovist made of air bubbles in a galactose solution lacking palmitic acid coating [8,10]. Clinical use is limited because microbubbles cannot pass the pulmonary filter.…”

Section: Ultrasound Contrast Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Introduction to ultrasound contrast agents: physics overview

Palma

Bertolotto

1999

Eur Radiol

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Ultrasound Contrast Agents for Molecular Imaging

Hauff¹,

Reinhardt²,

Foster³

2008

Molecular Imaging I

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The successful use of targeted ultrasound contrast agents (USCAs) for qualitative US-based imaging has been shown by several academic and industrial research groups in different animal models. Furthermore, techniques have been developed that enable the in-vivo quantification of targeted microbubbles (MBs). USCAs for quantitative functional and molecular imaging in small animals can be used for a more detailed characterization of new and established disease models and provide quantitative biological insights into the interaction between drug and target or target and disease in living animals. The advantages of such contrast agents in research and development are seen to be as follows: new functional or molecular findings in the complex biology of disease development, these findings can lead to new therapeutic strategies or drug candidates, a better understanding of the treatment effects of new and existing drug candidates, a more sensitive and specific characterization of early treatment effects in living animals, identification of in-vivo biomarkers for translational medicine. Further outcomes are seen in speeding up the evaluation of new drug compounds and in a reduction of the number of animals used for biomedical research.

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Echo-enhancing agents: their physics and pharmacology

Cited by 12 publications

References 26 publications

Reliability and Validity of Noninvasive Imaging of Internal Carotid Artery Pseudo-Occlusion

Reliability and Validity of Noninvasive Imaging of Internal Carotid Artery Pseudo-Occlusion

Introduction to ultrasound contrast agents: physics overview

Ultrasound Contrast Agents for Molecular Imaging

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