Echinostomes in humans

Foodborne Intestinal Flukes in Southeast Asia

“…Echinostoma lindoense Sandground & Bonne, 1940; Echinostoma barbosai Jeyarasasingam et al, 1972) This echinostome was originally described from the intestine of mammals in Germany in 1803 [104]. It has 37 collar spines arranged in 2 alternating rows [5]. This species closely resembles Echinostoma revolutum, and thus was once synonymized with E. revolutum by Diez in 1909 [104].…”

“…Mice, rats, and humans have been shown experimentally to be susceptible to this echinostome infection [119,120]. Human infections have been reported in Japan, Korea, and China [2,5,121,122]. In Liaoning province of China, 6 out of 10 hospitalized hepatitis patients who had eaten raw loach were found infected [123].…”

“…(syn: Echinoparyphium paraulum Diez, 1909) This echinostome is the oldest species recorded in the literature [5]. It was first found in 1798 from a naturally infeted wild duck Anas boschas fereae in Germany and reported in 1802 as Fasciola revoluta by Froelich [104].…”

“…The pathogenicity of echinostomes is complex and diverse dependin on a wide variety of parasite-and host-side factors [5,6,311]. Mechanical irritation by the flukes and allergic reactions due to their toxic metabolites constitute the 2 important elements responsible for the pathogenesis.…”

“…Mechanical irritation by the flukes and allergic reactions due to their toxic metabolites constitute the 2 important elements responsible for the pathogenesis. In this respect, the intensity of infection, in terms of individual worm load, may be highly important in the pathogenicity and severity of the disease [5,73,105]. Fried et al [312] compared the host pathologies between single and multiple infections with an animal echinostome, E. caproni, in hamsters.…”