Echinococcus multilocularis: Developmental stage-specific expression of Antigen B 8-kDa-subunits

Mamuti, Wulamu; Sako, Yasuhito; Xiao, Ning; Nakaya, Kazuhiro; Nakao, Minoru; Yamasaki, Hiroshi; Lightowlers, Marshall W.; Craig, Philip S.; Itō, Akira

doi:10.1016/j.exppara.2005.12.007

Cited by 40 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…They reported that the observed sequence heterogeneity of the AgB genes in different geographic origin could reflect the occurrence of distinct clonal populations of which differed in the use of their final and intermediate hosts and morphological, biochemical, and genetic characteristics. Their finding is supported by Mamuti et al [6] who concluded that the genetic variability in different host and/or different level of host immune responses against AgB may be relevant factors in the variability that is observed in the immunogenecity of AgB among different CE patients. In addition, Rosenzvit et al [7] reported that analyzing the variation of AgB-coding genes may provide a specific correlation of strain genetic diversity with AgB functional and practical significance.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…It is one of the most abundant parasite antigens in HCF and commonly used in immunodiagnosis of CE [5]. It is involved in the evasion of the immune response of the host due to its ability to inhibit elastase activity and neutrophils recruitment and to elicit an immunopathology-associated T-helper 2 (Th2) cell response, predominantly in patients with progressive CE [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rosenzvit et al [7] suggested that precisely the contact with the host molecules and cells makes AgB proteins prone to antigenic variation which can affect their practical application. Therefore, serologic evaluation of AgB prepared from different E. granulosus hosts in endemic regions and countries according to local facilities must always be considered [6]. AgB is encoded by a gene family which is constituted by 5 gene loci, AgB1 [8], AgB2 [9], AgB3 [10], AgB4, and AgB5 [11], each encoding a related, but distinct AgB subunit.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic Variability of Antigen B among Echinococcus granulosus Egyptian Isolates

et al. 2009

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Genetic polymorphisms of encoding antigen B2 gene (AgB2) in Echinococcus granulosus were studied using PCR-RFLP and DNA sequencing among 20 Egyptian isolates. Five isolates from different host origins (humans, camels, pigs, and sheep) were collected and used. All examined isolates of each host group gave very similar patterns of PCR-RFLP after restriction enzyme digestion with AluI, with the gene size of approximately 140 bp and 240 bp for sheep and human isolates, and approximately 150 bp and 250 bp for pig and camel isolates. No digestion pattern was obtained after incubation of all studied isolates with EcoRI. These results reveal high intra-group homogeneity. DNA sequence analysis highlighted that human infecting strain showed 100% identity with respect to sheep infecting isolate, 96% and 99% with pig and camel infecting isolates, respectively.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic Variability of Antigen B among Echinococcus granulosus Egyptian Isolates

et al. 2009

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“…Proteomic and genomic analyses demonstrated that the same gene encoded these proteins. A previous report indicated that this gene was actively transcribed during the metacestode stage (28). We also observed expression of the mRNA transcript of the EmAgB3 gene by real-time RT-PCR (unpublished observation).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 49%

An Echinococcus multilocularis Antigen B3 Proteoform That Shows Specific Antibody Responses to Active-Stage Alveolar Echinococcosis

et al. 2015

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e Alveolar echinococcosis (AE), caused by the Echinococcus multilocularis metacestode, represents one of the most frequently fatal zoonoses. Early diagnosis significantly reduces morbidity and mortality associated with AE. Diagnosis of AE largely depends on a combination of imaging and serological tests due to its minimal clinical manifestations. Several antigens derived from the whole worm and protoscolex have been targeted for AE serodiagnosis, while the antigenic properties of E. multilocularis hydatid fluid (EmHF) are unclear. We observed two AE-specific 6-and 8-kDa antigen proteoforms through an immunoproteome array of the EmHF. We identified these proteins as representing an E. multilocularis antigen B3 (EmAgB3) isoform, and the proteins were shown to be encoded by the same gene. We cloned the gene and expressed the recombinant EmAgB3 protein (rEmAgB3) in Escherichia coli. rEmAgB3 exhibited sensitivity of 90.9% (80/88 cases) and specificity of 98.5% (597/606 samples) by immunoblotting. The positive and negative predictive values were 89.9% and 98.6%, respectively. The protein did not show antibody responses to 33 AE sera collected during posttreatment follow-up monitoring. Mouse sera experimentally infected with AE protoscoleces began to demonstrate specific antibody responses to native and recombinant EmAgB3 6 months after infection. At that stage, fully mature metacestode vesicles that harbored the brood capsule, primary cell, and protoscolex were observed within an AE mass(es). The response declined along with worm degeneration. Our results demonstrate that the immune responses to this EmAgB3 isoform were highly correlated with worm viability accompanied with AE progression. rEmAgB3 is a promising biomarker for serological assessment of AE patients.A lveolar echinococcosis (AE), an infection caused by Echinococcus multilocularis metacestodes, is one of the most frequently chronic and fatal zoonoses (1-3). Epidemiological evidence has demonstrated that 0.5 to 6 of 100,000 inhabitants are infected in areas of endemicity of Europe and Central Asia (4, 5). In the Tibetan and Qinghai plateaus in China, the population at risk of infection is estimated to encompass 60 million (6).Two kinds of hosts are intimately involved in the life cycle of E. multilocularis. Domestic and wild canids (definitive hosts) harbor the adult tapeworm in their intestines. The worms produce numerous eggs, which pass out of the host with gravid segments. When wild rodents and humans (intermediate hosts) take in the eggs, oncospheres are activated in the small intestine; they then penetrate the intestinal wall and enter the circulation. They primarily lodge in the liver and grow slowly into multivesiculated metacestode vesicles, in which brood capsules, primary cells, and protoscoleces develop, resulting in AE (1, 7). AE usually presents with a complex of nonspecific liver manifestations that mimic cystadenoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and liver cirrhosis (8, 9).Diagnosis of AE largely depends on a combination of imaging and serologi...

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“…Its role in parasite biology has not yet been completely elucidated. Antigen B expression is associated with immature stages in E. multilocularis (Carmena et al 2006;Mamuti et al 2006). Its main function seems to be the inhibition of elastase activity, though it seems to have no effect on trypsin or chemotrypsine activity (Shepherd et al 1991).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological and biological characterization of cell line developed from bovine Echinococcus granulosus

Echeverría

Isolabella

González

et al. 2010

In Vitro Cell.Dev.Biol.-Animal

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The taeniid tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus is the causative agent of echinococcal disease, a major zoonosis with worldwide distribution. Several efforts to establish an in vitro model of E. granulosus have been undertaken; however, many of them have been designed for Echinococcus multilocularis. In the present study, we have described and characterized a stable cell line obtained from E. granulosus bovine protoscoleces maintained 3 yr in vitro. Growth characterization, morphology by light, fluorescent and electronic microscopy, and karyotyping were carried out. Cell culture origin was confirmed by immunofluorescent detection of AgB4 antigen and by PCR for the mitochondrial cytochrome c-oxidase subunit 1 (DCO1) gene. Cells seeded in agarose biphasic culture resembled a cystic structure, similar to the one formed in secondary hosts. This cell line could be a useful tool to research equinococcal behavior, allowing additional physiological and pharmacological studies, such as the effect of growth factors, nutrients, and antiparasitic drugs on cell viability and growth and on cyst formation.

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Echinococcus multilocularis: Developmental stage-specific expression of Antigen B 8-kDa-subunits

Cited by 40 publications

References 23 publications

Genetic Variability of Antigen B among Echinococcus granulosus Egyptian Isolates

Genetic Variability of Antigen B among Echinococcus granulosus Egyptian Isolates

An Echinococcus multilocularis Antigen B3 Proteoform That Shows Specific Antibody Responses to Active-Stage Alveolar Echinococcosis

Morphological and biological characterization of cell line developed from bovine Echinococcus granulosus

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