Echinococcus granulosus: Cure for Cancer Revisited

Ranasinghe, Shiwanthi L.; McManus, Donald P.

doi:10.3389/fmed.2018.00060

Cited by 20 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(49 reference statements)

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“…Other researchers observed the direct effect of molecules released by Echinococcus granulosus whose activity directly inhibits cancer cell migration and growth. These authors concluded that E. granulosus probably secretes molecules that can develop as anti-cancer therapeutics in the future [11].…”

Section: The "Cancer Hygiene Hypothesis" Explainedmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Cancer Hygiene Hypothesis: From Theory to Therapeutic Helminths

Fernandes

Alves

Botelho

2019

CCTR

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Background:: The “Hygiene Hypothesis” was postulated by David Strachan in 1989 to explain for the rapid 20th century increase in allergic diseases such as asthma. In this hypothesis, children from developed countries living in ultra-hygienic environments and avoiding exposure to viruses, bacteria, and parasites, especially helminthes, have an increased risk of atopic disorders. Materials & Methods:: Research and online content related to cancer hygiene hypothesis is highlighted and to illustrate key themes. Guidelines for meaningful participation in DOC activities for people with diabetes, families, health care providers, and industry are provided. Results:: The lack of worms leads to failure of stimulation of mucosal Th2 responses. These infections exert their effect through critically altering T-helper (Th)1/Th2 regulation, and it is postulated that, thus, they protect against atopy and asthma, through the induction of Th1 regulatory response. It is now also recognized that this “hygiene hypothesis” concept applies to a wider range of chronic inflammatory diseases than atopy and asthma, such as diabetes, multiple sclerosis and cancer. Conclusion:: Here we discuss the major implications of these findings for the association between microorganisms and cancer, and also between some immune pathologies, like autoimmune diseases, and cancer.

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Section: The "Cancer Hygiene Hypothesis" Explainedmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Cancer Hygiene Hypothesis: From Theory to Therapeutic Helminths

Fernandes

Alves

Botelho

2019

CCTR

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“…E. granulosus is still highly epidemic in South America, Mediterranean countries, eastern Africa, Central Asia, and Northwestern China, with human incidence as high as 50 per 100,000 person-years according to a report from the World Health Organization (Brunetti et al, 2010). However, after the astonishingly low incidence of CE was incidentally found in patients with solid tumor in Turkey (Akgül et al, 2003), accumulating evidence have suggested that E. granulosus may exhibit anticancer effect through host immune system, which may be employed as an immunotherapeutic strategy against cancer (Ranasinghe and McManus, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Subsequently, another study found that injection of hydatid fluid (peritoneal or tumor margin) could decrease melanoma tumor size in C57 mouse model (Darani et al, 2016). However, the alum-based adjuvant employed in the latter study is potentially confounding (Ranasinghe and McManus, 2018), since alum may induce anticancer effect through selectively stimulation of Th2 immune response (Didierlaurent et al, 2009). Recently, a research group found that the Kunitz-type protease inhibitor EgKI-1, a potent chymotrypsin and neutrophil elastase inhibitor highly expressed by oncosphere of E. granulosus (Ranasinghe et al, 2015), could inhibit several human cancers from growth and migration, probably through disrupting cell cycle and inducing apoptosis of cancer cells, without affecting normal cell growth in vitro (Ranasinghe et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Employing Parasite Against Cancer: A Lesson From the Canine Tapeworm Echinococcus Granulocus

et al. 2019

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Cystic echinococcosis (CE), a devastating zoonotic condition caused by the tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus, remain a significant public health problem worldwide. However, after a negative correlation between solid tumor and CE has been incidentally discovered, accumulating evidence have suggested that this parasite may induce anticancer effect through activating host immune response and secreting molecules with anticancer potential, which may provide some new understanding for immunotherapy. This article will review the evidence supporting the anticancer effect of E. granulosus and its underlying mechanisms and discuss the possible implications in immunotherapy.

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“…It is hypothesized that this parasite elicits a protective effect against cancer due to antigenic similarities between components of hydatid cysts and cancer cells [100]. Moreover, in the acute and chronic phases of infection, oncospheres and hydatid cysts release Kunitz-type protease inhibitors (EgKI-1) and B antigen (Table S1), which inhibit neutrophil chemotaxis, and neutrophil-associated elastase, which affects the cell cycle [60,101,102]. Furthermore, the release of mucin-type O-glycan activates the innate and Th1 responses against cancer [60,100].…”

Section: Echinococcus Granulosusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spirocerca lupi Proteomics and Its Role in Cancer Development: An Overview of Spirocercosis-Induced Sarcomas and Revision of Helminth-Induced Carcinomas

et al. 2021

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Spirocerca lupi is a parasitic nematode of canids that induces a myriad of clinical manifestations in its host and, in 25% of infections, leads to the formation of sarcomas. The description of the protein composition of the excretory and secretory products (Sl-ESP) of S. lupi has shed light on its possible interactions with the host environment, including migration within the host and mechanisms of immunomodulation. Despite this, the process by which S. lupi induces cancer in the dog remains poorly understood, and some hypotheses have arisen regarding these possible mechanisms. In this review, we discuss the role of specific ESP from the carcinogenic helminths Clonorchis sinensis, Opisthorchis viverrini and Schistosoma haematobium in inducing chronic inflammation and cancer in their host’s tissues. The parasitic worms Taenia solium, Echinococcus granulosus, Heterakis gallinarum, Trichuris muris and Strongyloides stercoralis, which have less-characterized mechanisms of cancer induction, are also analyzed. Based on the pathological findings in spirocercosis and the mechanisms by which other parasitic helminths induce cancer, we propose that the sustained inflammatory response in the dog´s tissues produced in response to the release of Sl-ESP homologous to those of other carcinogenic worms may lead to the malignant process in infected dogs.

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Echinococcus granulosus: Cure for Cancer Revisited

Cited by 20 publications

References 42 publications

The Cancer Hygiene Hypothesis: From Theory to Therapeutic Helminths

The Cancer Hygiene Hypothesis: From Theory to Therapeutic Helminths

Employing Parasite Against Cancer: A Lesson From the Canine Tapeworm Echinococcus Granulocus

Spirocerca lupi Proteomics and Its Role in Cancer Development: An Overview of Spirocercosis-Induced Sarcomas and Revision of Helminth-Induced Carcinomas

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