Echinococcosis in Tibetan Populations, Western Sichuan Province, China

Li, Tiaoying; Qiu, Jiamin; Yang, Wen; Craig, Philip S.; Chen, Xingwang; Xiao, Ning; Itō, Akira; Giraudoux, Patrick; Mamuti, Wulamu; Yao, Wen; Schantz, Peter

doi:10.3201/eid1112.050079

Cited by 125 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…In general, CE infection increases with age [23]. The highest numbers of CE cases were recorded by age groups: 21-30 years in Kenya and 21-40 years in Libya [1] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of human cystic echinococcosis and risk factors in animal breeders in rural communities in Denizli, Turkey

Akalın

Kutlu

Çaylak

et al. 2014

J Infect Dev Ctries

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“…In general, CE infection increases with age [23]. The highest numbers of CE cases were recorded by age groups: 21-30 years in Kenya and 21-40 years in Libya [1] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of human cystic echinococcosis and risk factors in animal breeders in rural communities in Denizli, Turkey

Akalın

Kutlu

Çaylak

et al. 2014

J Infect Dev Ctries

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“…In the past three decades, Echinococcus multilocularis , the causative agent of human alveolar echinococcosis (AE), has been newly reported in countries of Europe (Davidson et al 2012) and discovered in foci of relatively high incidence in China and neighbouring countries of Central Asia and Siberia (Craig et al 1992; Ito et al 2003, 2010; Li et al 2005; Yang et al 2006; Torgerson et al 2009; Ziadinov et al 2011; Konyaev et al 2012). Although the distribution range of the parasite is described as being widespread in the northern hemisphere, large regional gaps and differences are observed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transmission ecosystems ofEchinococcus multilocularisin China and Central Asia

et al. 2013

Self Cite

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SUMMARYFrom continental to regional scales, the zoonosis alveolar echinococcosis (AE) (caused by Echinococcus multilocularis) forms discrete patches of endemicity within which transmission hotspots of much larger prevalence may occur. Since the late 80s, a number of hotspots have been identified in continental Asia, mostly in China, wherein the ecology of intermediate host communities has been described. This is the case in south Gansu, at the eastern border of the Tibetan plateau, in south Ningxia, in the western Tian Shan of Xinjiang, and in the Alay valley of south Kyrgyzstan. Here we present a comparative natural history and characteristics of transmission ecosystems or ecoscapes. On this basis, regional types of transmission and their ecological characteristics have been proposed in a general framework. Combining climatic, land cover and intermediate host species distribution data, we identified and mapped 4 spatially distinct types of transmission ecosystems typified by the presence of one of the following small mammal ‘flagship’ species: Ellobius tancrei, Ochotona curzoniae, Lasiopodomys brandtii or Eospalax fontanierii. Each transmission ecosystem had its own characteristics which can serve as a reference for further in-depth research in the transmission ecology of E. multilocularis. This approach may be used at fine spatial scales to characterize other poorly known transmission systems of the large Eurasian endemic zone, and help in consideration of surveillance systems and interventions.

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“…On the eastern part of the Tibetan Plateau the two most important of these zoonotic species, Echincoccus granulosus (the causative agent of cystic echinococcosis, CE) and Echinococcus multilocularis (the causative agent of alveolar echinococcosis, AE), have been shown to be highly endemic and co-endemic over a geographical area >900 000 km 2 (Giraudoux et al 2013 a ). Mass abdominal ultrasound screening in Tibetan communities revealed very high village prevalence rates of 12·1% for human CE and 14·3% for human AE (Li et al 2005, 2010). Budke et al (2006) estimated that the global disability life years (DALYs) and monetary losses resulting from human and livestock CE were 1 009 662 DALYs and US $763 980 979 respectively, and in China alone accounted for 40% of global DALYs lost to echinococcosis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reinfection studies of canine echinococcosis and role of dogs in transmission of Echinococcus multilocularis in Tibetan communities, Sichuan, China

Moss

Chen

et al. 2013

Parasitology

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SUMMARYIn the eastern Tibetan plateau both human cystic and alveolar echinococcosis (AE) caused by infection with Echincoccus granulosus or Echinococcus multilocularis, respectively are highly endemic. The domestic dog plays a key role in zoonotic transmission in this region. Our primary objective was to investigate the role of domestic dogs in maintaining transmission of E. multilocularis in Shiqu county, Sichuan. A cohort of 281 dogs was followed up over one year after a single treatment with praziquantel followed by re-infection surveillance at 2, 5 and 12 months post-treatment. Faecal samples were tested by an Echinococcus genus-specific coproantigen ELISA and two species-specific copro-PCR tests. Total Echinococcus coproantigen prevalence in Shiqu at baseline was 21% and 9·6% after 2 months. E. multilocularis copro-PCR was positive in 11·2% of dogs before treatment (vs 3·6% with E. granulosus copro-DNA), 2·9% at 2 months post-treatment, and 0% at 5 month and 12 months. The results suggest that dogs may have the potential to maintain E. multilocularis transmission within local pastoral communities, and thus dog dosing could be an effective strategy to reduce transmission of E. multilocularis as well as E. granulosus in these co-endemic Tibetan communities.

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Echinococcosis in Tibetan Populations, Western Sichuan Province, China

Abstract: This area has the highest prevalences of both forms of this disease in the world.

Cited by 125 publications

References 19 publications

Seroprevalence of human cystic echinococcosis and risk factors in animal breeders in rural communities in Denizli, Turkey

Seroprevalence of human cystic echinococcosis and risk factors in animal breeders in rural communities in Denizli, Turkey

Transmission ecosystems ofEchinococcus multilocularisin China and Central Asia

Reinfection studies of canine echinococcosis and role of dogs in transmission of Echinococcus multilocularis in Tibetan communities, Sichuan, China

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