Echinochrome pigment extracted from sea urchin suppress the bacterial activity, inflammation, nociception, and oxidative stress resulted in the inhibition of renal injury in septic rats

Abstract

The current study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial, anti‐inflammatory, analgesic, and renoprotective effects of echinochrome pigment extracted from sea urchin. The disk diffusion method was used for the antibacterial activity of echinochrome against four different bacterial strains; Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes. While, acetic acid‐induced writhing, formalin‐induced licking, and hot plate latency assays evaluate the analgesic activity. The biochemical and oxidative stress markers of kidneys, as well as the histopathological examination, were measured to evaluate the renoprotective activity of echinochrome for cecal ligation and puncture‐induced renal injury in rats. Echinochrome pigment exhibited in vitro antibacterial activity against all aforementioned bacterial species besides a powerful anti‐inflammatory impact in vitro by the effective stabilization of the RBCs membrane and in vivo by decrease levels of serum IL6 and TNF‐α. What’s more, echinochrome showed a notable analgesic efficacy as well as an enhancement of the kidney’s biochemical markers, oxidative stress status, and histopathological screening. Ech attenuated cecal ligation and puncture‐induced renal injury by improving renal biomarkers, suppressing reactive oxygen species propagation as well as its antibacterial, anti‐inflammatory, and anti‐nociceptive activities. Practical applications Sea urchins are rich in pharmacologically important quinone pigments, specifically echinochrome. The current study aimed to evaluate the role of echinochrome as a renal protective remedy in sepsis and clarify its biological activities. Echinochrome exhibited antibacterial activity in vitro against Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes. Our results revealed that echinochrome protects the kidney against damage caused by sepsis in rats. Echinochrome can use in the treatment of sepsis as an antibacterial, anti‐inflammatory, and antioxidant agent.

Acaricide resistance and novel photosensitizing approach as alternative acaricides against the camel tick, Hyalomma dromedarii

“…Chlorophyll derivatives can be effectively used against malaria, filarial, and dengue vector-borne diseases [44]. Echinochrome had high antibacterial, antiinflammatory [45] and antiviral effects [46]. After treatment for 3 days in the present study, Rhodamine 6G, riboflavin, and phthalocyanine were the least effective photosensitizers (LC 50 = 271, 332, and 303 ppm, respectively).…”

Triptolide Alleviates Oxidized LDL-Induced Endothelial Inflammation by Attenuating the Oxidative Stress-Mediated Nuclear Factor-Kappa B Pathway

“…Natural products and their derivatives have been investigated for their potential pharmacological applications. 12 , 19 , 20 , 21 TP was first extracted from TWHF in 1972. 12 Commonly referred to as thunder god vine, TWHF has been widely used as a therapeutic agent to treat autoimmune and inflammatory diseases in China for hundreds of years.…”

Pigmentation biosynthesis influences the microbiome in sea urchins

“…Instead, in vitro evidence suggest that echinochromes and spinochromes that were isolated from adult spines and tests have a number of biological activities, including antimicrobial properties (e.g. degranulation in the presence of bacterial pathogens) [6][7][8][9]. Antimicrobial compounds generally serve a dual role in host-microbe interactions: they protect the host against pathogenic invasions while also influencing which microbes colonize and become part of the host-associated microbial community [10,11].…”