Echinochloa species control in maize (Zea mays L.) with sulfonylurea herbicides applied alone and in mixtures with broadleaf herbicides

Annual Grasses Control With Topramezone in Mixture With Als-Inhibiting Herbicides

“…Considering that the experiments of this study were conducted in pots, it could be logically hypothesized that more pronounced differences (than those observed in the present study) would be evident in the efficacy of topramezone under field conditions, as also observed in similar studies in the field (Damalas et al, 2012), where several parameters, other than the herbicides themselves, affect efficacy. Such parameters include the variable growth stage of weeds at application coupled with space availability in the field, which result in increased capacity of weeds for regrowth after herbicide application (Damalas et al, 2012); also, increased possibility for herbicide loss under field conditions often occurs. From a practical point of view, this finding means that in rescue (late) applications of topramezone in the field, control of E. oryzoides and E. phyllopogon could be significantly less.…”

“…E. phyllopogon) can possibly tolerate increased rates of herbicides, as observed in similar studies both under controlled and field conditions (Damalas et al, 2012). Nevertheless, other possible explanations, most likely owing to differences in width and position of the leaves among grasses, may also exist.…”

“…decreased herbicide efficacy) on the activity of topramezone and of other herbicides with the same mode of action (HPPD-inhibiting herbicides), such as sulcotrione, have been reported on Echinochloa muricata (De Cauwer et al, 2012) as well as with certain ALSinhibiting herbicides, such as rimsulfuron, nicosulfuron, foramsulfuron, bispyribacsodium or penoxsulam and with certain ACCase-inhibiting herbicides, such as cyhalofop and clefoxydim, on the same grasses (i.e. E. oryzoides and E. phyllopogon) (Damalas et al, 2008(Damalas et al, , 2012. However, in a closely related species, E. crus-galli, topramezone provided 88% control (in terms of biomass reduction) when the plants were sprayed at the 5-to 6-leaf growth stage under controlled conditions (Soltani et al, 2012).…”

“…However, newly introduced or naturalized panicoid grasses may complicate herbicide selection and rates due to differential sensitivity (Damalas et al, 2012;De Cauwer et al, 2012). Although E. oryzoides and E. phyllopogon (Stapf.)…”

“…Although E. oryzoides and E. phyllopogon (Stapf.) Koss [= E. oryzicola Vasinger (Vasinger)] are weeds of rice fields, they can also occur in maize fields (Damalas et al, 2012). Maize is a common crop after rice in Greece (Damalas et al, 2012) as well as in California (Williams, 2010).…”