Echelon Utilization of Retired Power Lithium-Ion Batteries: Challenges and Prospects

Wang, Ningbo; Garg, Akhil; Su, Shaosen; Mou, Jianhui; Gao, Liang; Li, Wei

doi:10.3390/batteries8080096

Cited by 24 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 119 publications

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“…Echelon utilization is the process where the spent pack, module, or single cell in the high-standard application scenario is applied to the new application scenario with low standard in the form of a pack, module, or single cell. 15 The echelon utilization process includes disassembly, evaluation and detection, regrouping, and application (Figure 2a). Echelon utilization of a spent pack starts with the process of detecting the pack to screen out the problematic batteries in appearance and performance.…”

Section: Echelon Utilizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It directly measures internal resistance and capacity with an electrochemical analysis system and calculates the SOH with gathered statistics. The data-driven method includes artificial neural network and support vector machine, Gaussian process regression, relevance vector machine, etc . Li et al evaluated the SOH of spent battery with a gray wolf optimization and support vector regression.…”

Section: Echelon Utilizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comprehensive Technology for Recycling and Regenerating Materials from Spent Lithium Iron Phosphate Battery

Lei,

Sun,

Yang

2024

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The lithium iron phosphate (LFP) battery has been widely used in electric vehicles and energy storage for its good cyclicity, high level of safety, and low cost. The massive application of LFP battery generates a large number of spent batteries. Recycling and regenerating materials from spent LFP batteries has been of great concern because it can significantly recover valuable metals and protect the environment. This paper aims to critically assess the latest technical information available on the echelon utilization and recycling of spent LFP batteries. First, it focuses on the progress of disassembly, evaluation and detection, regrouping, and application in echelon utilization. Then, the recycling technologies, including pretreatment, direct repair, and material regeneration, of spent LFPs are summarized. Finally, the paper proposes some challenges in the echelon utilization and recycling of spent LFP batteries, and concludes with recommendations for an intelligent, refined, and clean LFP battery circulation system that are required to ensure the sustainable development of spent LFP battery recycling.

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Section: Echelon Utilizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Echelon Utilizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive Technology for Recycling and Regenerating Materials from Spent Lithium Iron Phosphate Battery

Lei,

Sun,

Yang

2024

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…In addition, research has also shown that significant reductions in carbon emissions in the battery stage can be achieved through the echelon utilization of power batteries and increasing the recycling rate of related resources. [73][74][75] For example, using recycled packaging for battery cells instead of one-time use cardboard boxes. In addition, recycling of waste batteries to recover valuable and high-energy-consuming metal materials such as nickel, cobalt, lithium, and manganese from retired power batteries and putting them back into the battery recycling process.…”

Section: Carbon Neutrality Of Automotive Parts Suppliersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[103] Since retired EV batteries still contain 70%-80% of their remaining capacity, they are suitable for less demanding energy storage systems, such as communication base stations, building energy storage, photovoltaic energy storage, microgrids, and so on. [75,104,105] It can also be applied to the power source of low-speed vehicles, such as electric bicycles, low-speed scooters, urban sanitation vehicles, and so on, as shown in Figure 6.…”

Section: Battery Echelon Utilizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electric vehicle lifecycle carbon emission reduction: A review

Gao,

Xie,

Yang

et al. 2023

Carbon Neutralization

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Under the global carbon neutrality initiative, carbon emissions from the transportation sector are becoming increasingly prominent due to the growth in vehicle ownership. And electric mobility may be a potentially effective measure to reduce road traffic carbon emissions and achieve a green transformation of transportation. This paper systematically collates the relevant carbon accounting standards for the automotive industry and elaborates the current status of road transport greenhouse gas emissions by combining the data from the International Energy Agency. And by comparing the lifecycle carbon footprint of various energy types of vehicles, the necessity and feasibility of electric mobility to reduce carbon emissions are discussed. However, the comparison of vehicle lifecycle carbon footprints shows that electric vehicles (EVs) are not as environmentally friendly as expected, although they can significantly reduce road traffic carbon emissions. The high carbon emissions from the manufacturing process of the core components of EVs, especially the power battery, reduce the low‐carbon potential of electric mobility. Therefore, the carbon emission reduction strategies and outcomes of automakers in the automotive industry chain have been further reviewed. Finally, focusing on vehicle power batteries, this article reviews the technologies such as refined management and echelon utilization that can make EVs more environmentally friendly and promote carbon neutrality in the transportation sector.

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“…However, the LIBs produce a lot of heat as they are being charged and discharged. If the heat is not released into the environment promptly, the batteries could fail and experience thermal runaway, which would gravely compromise safety [3]. The safety of LIBs has become an important issue for further practical large-scale applications [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the Heat Dissipation Performance of a Liquid Cooling Battery Pack with Different Pin-Fins

Xiong

Wang

et al. 2023

Batteries

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The heat dissipation capability of the battery thermal management system (BTMS) is a prerequisite for the safe and normal work of the battery. Currently, many researchers have designed and studied the structure of BTMS to better control the battery temperature in a specific range and to obtain better temperature uniformity. This allows the battery to work safely and efficiently while extending its life. As a result, BTMS has been a hot topic of research. This work investigates the impact of pin-fins on the heat dissipation capability of the BTMS using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach, designs several BTMS schemes with different pin-fin structures, simulates all schemes for fluid-structure interaction, and examines the impact of different distribution, number, and shape of pin-fins on heat dissipation capability and pressure drop. Analyzing the effect of cooling plates with different pin-fins on the thermal capability of the BTMS can provide a basis for the structural design of this BTMS with pin-fin cooling plates. The findings demonstrate that the distribution and quantity of pin-fin shapes might affect heat dissipation. The square-section pin-fins offer better heat dissipation than other pin-fin shapes. As the pin-fins number increases, the maximum battery temperature decreases, but the pressure drop increases. It has been observed that uniform pin-fin distribution has a superior heat dissipation effect than other pin-fin distribution schemes. In summary, the cooling plate with a uniform distribution of 3 × 6 square section pin-fins has better heat dissipation capability and less power consumption, with a maximum battery temperature of 306.19 K, an average temperature of 304.20 K, a temperature difference of 5.18 K, and a pressure drop of 99.29 Pa.

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Echelon Utilization of Retired Power Lithium-Ion Batteries: Challenges and Prospects

Cited by 24 publications

References 119 publications

Comprehensive Technology for Recycling and Regenerating Materials from Spent Lithium Iron Phosphate Battery

Comprehensive Technology for Recycling and Regenerating Materials from Spent Lithium Iron Phosphate Battery

Electric vehicle lifecycle carbon emission reduction: A review

Study on the Heat Dissipation Performance of a Liquid Cooling Battery Pack with Different Pin-Fins

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