ECG steganography using Base64 encoding and pixel swapping technique

Mathivanan, P.; Ganesh, A. Balaji

doi:10.1007/s11042-022-14072-8

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…To mitigate the risks associated with exchange hacks and exit scams, traders should choose reputable exchanges with strong security measures, such as cold storage of user funds, regular security audits, and insurance coverage (Table 1). It is also advisable to diversify your assets across multiple exchanges and withdraw your funds to a secure wallet when not actively trading (Mathivanan and Balaji Ganesh, 2023;Mathivanan and Maran, 2023). In lending and borrowing there is major risk is counterparty risk.…”

Section: Review Of Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the risks associated with wallets, depository services, trading, lending, and borrowing in the crypto space

Mikhaylov

2023

J. Infras. Policy. Dev.

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The crypto space offers numerous opportunities for users to grow their wealth through trading, lending, and borrowing activities. However, these opportunities come with inherent risks that need to be carefully managed to protect your assets and maximize returns. By understanding the risks associated with wallets and depository services, trading, lending, and borrowing, users can make informed decisions and enjoy the benefits of the rapidly evolving world of cryptocurrencies. This review paper analyses 43 papers for the period of 2019–2023 and proposes recommendations for policy makers. The results confirm that international regulators expect national authorities to implement a regulatory framework for digital assets comparable to those that already exist for traditional finance. For national authorities, this means having and using the powers, tools and resources to regulate and oversee a growing market. Authorities should cooperate and coordinate with each other, at the national and international levels, to encourage consistency and knowledge sharing. Market operators (exchanges), service providers, exchanges and wallets, create effective risk management structures, as well as reliable mechanisms for collecting, storing, protecting and reporting data.

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Section: Review Of Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the risks associated with wallets, depository services, trading, lending, and borrowing in the crypto space

Mikhaylov

2023

J. Infras. Policy. Dev.

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“…Enormous amounts of multimedia data are produced and transferred in our daily lives and the fields of industry, medical treatment, and the military. As the most commonly used information carrier, digital images occupy a crucial place in multimedia data [1][2][3]. Although watermarking techniques can assist creators in protecting their work's copyright [4,5], a reliable method to avoid the leakage of sensitive information within images is still lacking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Symmetric Color Image Encryption Using a Novel Cross–Plane Joint Scrambling–Diffusion Method

Shen

Wang

2023

Symmetry

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Motivated by the pursuit of both encryption efficiency and security, this paper presents a symmetric color image encryption algorithm using a novel cross–plane joint scrambling–diffusion method. To provide high–strength security, the color planes are firstly spliced horizontally and then vertically to be adequately encrypted by the joint scrambling–diffusion method. Therefore, minor changes in any pixel can cross every color plane that significantly influences the final cipher image. To achieve fast encryption speed, all employed chaotic systems have simple structures but robust properties to rapidly generate high–quality pseudorandom sequences. Additionally, the joint scrambling–diffusion method is vectorized to handle pixels in parallel for satisfactory execution efficiency. Security tests demonstrate the outstanding security performance of the proposed algorithm, with correlation coefficients and entropies of cipher images being close to 0 and greater than 7.99, respectively, and results of NPCR and UACI tests being similar to ideal cipher images, which can resist statistical, differential, exhaustive, and even chosen ciphertext/plaintext attacks. Moreover, because of the O(4W + 4H) time complexity of the novel scrambling–diffusion method, even a color image with a size of 1024 × 1024 only costs 0.26 s to be encrypted. Hence, the proposed algorithm can satisfy the efficiency and security requirements of color image encryption.

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“…In the era of digital information transmission, privacy and security issues are becoming increasingly prominent in the fields of information processing and transmission [1,2]. Confronted with the challenge of how to effectively hide sensitive information, reversible data hiding (RDH) has garnered significant interest.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Design of Multi-Party Reversible Data Hiding over Ciphered Overexposed Images

Chen,

Yang,

Fang

et al. 2023

Symmetry

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Multi-party reversible data hiding over ciphered images (MRDH-CI) has high restorability since the image is split into multiple ciphered images by secret sharing. However, the MRDH-CI methods either fail to produce satisfied results, or only work well for conventional images. This paper introduces a multi-party reversible data-hiding approach over ciphered overexposed images. First, the pixels of the overexposed images are decomposed into two parts, each of which can be used for secret sharing. Then, the decomposed overexposed images are converted into multiple ciphered overexposed images by using a modified secret sharing method, in which the differences of the ciphered overexposed images are retained. The symmetry of the difference retaining makes the secret data conceal within the ciphered overexposed images such that the marked ciphered overexposed images can be created. Finally, by collecting sufficient marked ciphered overexposed images, it is possible to symmetrically reconstruct the concealed data and primitive overexposed image. Experimental results illustrate that the presented method can efficiently deal with overexposed images while maintaining a low computational overhead.

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ECG steganography using Base64 encoding and pixel swapping technique

Cited by 8 publications

References 33 publications

Understanding the risks associated with wallets, depository services, trading, lending, and borrowing in the crypto space

Understanding the risks associated with wallets, depository services, trading, lending, and borrowing in the crypto space

Symmetric Color Image Encryption Using a Novel Cross–Plane Joint Scrambling–Diffusion Method

On the Design of Multi-Party Reversible Data Hiding over Ciphered Overexposed Images

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