ECG Biometrics: Principles and Applications

Abstract

Electrocardiographic (ECG) signals have several properties that can greatly complement the existing, and more established biometric modalities. Some of the most prominent properties are the fact that the signals can be continuously acquired using minimally intrusive setups, are not prone to produce latent patterns, and provide intrinsic liveliness detection, opening new opportunities within the area of biometric systems development. The potential impact of this technique extends to a broad variety of application domains, ranging from the entertainment industry, to digital transactions. In this paper, we present a framework for ECG biometrics, with focus on some of the latest developments and future trends in the field, covering multiple aspects of the problem with the aim of a real-world deployment. Our results so far, further reinforce the feasibility and interest of the method in a multibiometrics approach.

Using ECG Authentication for Biometrics in Smart Cities

“…These signals can also be taken regularly without any break so we can use it in places where continuous recognition is required. Along with this they can be only taken for living things (Lee, W. et al, 2018); (Silva, H. et al, 2013) (As per Fig. 4).…”

A Survey on Modality Characteristics, Performance Evaluation Metrics, and Security for Traditional and Wearable Biometric Systems

“…(1) EEG: It is difficult with today's technological advancement to consider EEG as one of the unobtrusively measurable biometrics, since it needs the user to be stationary and calm, and to wear a head-cap comprising electrodes. However, products developed by Muse and Kokoon can be viewed as a productive step towards realizing EEG-based WBS in the future • Muse has developed an application which measures EEG from the user's temples to which its sensors are attached [7] • Kokoon provides a set of EEG headphones which measure user's mental state or mood using brainwaves emitted, and accordingly play music [169] (2) ECG: It measures signals emitted by one's heart that are unique to the individual and is more applicable for WBS [187]. Unlike EEG, ECG can be unobtrusively measured using just an electrode attached to the skin • Bionym is a company that has developed the Nymi wristband to use heartbeat profiles for uniquely identifying users and improving their lifestyle by personalizing their living environment [1] (3) Electromyogram (EMG): It being leveraged by sports clothing companies, Athos and Myontech, to design sportswear more conducive for superior athletic performance [116] • MyoWare has developed a hardware that facilitates the control of video games, robotic movements, and actions of prosthetics based on movement profiles exhibited by the user's motor neurons [38] (4) Vocal resonance: It refers to the voice of a user measured as the vocal sound waves propagate through their body as against traditional voice recognition systems that use the waves captured over air [60].…”