Ecdysone triggered PGRP-LC expression controls Drosophila innate immunity

Rus, Florentina; Flatt, Thomas; Tong, Mei Song; Aggarwal, Kamna; Okuda, Kendi; Kleino, Anni; Yates, Elisabeth; Tatar, Marc; Silverman, Neal S.

doi:10.1038/emboj.2013.100

Cited by 135 publications

(194 citation statements)

References 94 publications

(151 reference statements)

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“…Several previous studies suggested that 20E could promote both cellular and humoral innate immunity, and this enhancement requires EcR in Drosophila (13)(14)(15)20). However, knowledge about the effects of 20E on immune response is very limited in lepidopteran insects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies have proven that RNAi-mediated depletion of EcR gene could prevent 20E signal transduction (13,15,31). We then knocked down the expression of the silkworm EcR gene using dsRNA to further investigate the role of ecdysone on the silkworm immunity.…”

Section: Effects Of 20e On Silkworm Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, 20E controls the humoral innate immune response through two different ways in Drosophila. First, 20E upregulates the transcription of the peptidoglycan recognition protein (PGRP)-LC, and then induces all AMP genes through the immune deficiency (IMD) pathway; second, 20E regulates the expression of the AMPs, such as Diptericin, Metchnikowin, and Drosomycin, by the ecdysteroidrelated transcription factors independent of PGRP-LC (15). Moreover, 20E also promotes insect cellular immunity.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ecdysone Titer Determined by 3DE-3β-Reductase Enhances the Immune Response in the Silkworm

Sun

Shen

Zhou

et al. 2016

The Journal of Immunology

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Although recent studies have demonstrated that 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E), one of the two most important hormones for development, could promote the insect innate immune response, how insects regulate 20E titer to affect the immunity after suffering pathogen attack remains unknown. In this study, to our knowledge, we first found that 20E titer was significantly elevated after bacterial infection in the domesticated silkworm, Bombyx mori. Furthermore, the elevated 20E enhanced the silkworm innate immune system against invading bacteria via ecdysone receptor. During immune response, the expression of the silkworm 3-dehydroecdysone-3β-reductase (3DE-3β-reductase) that converts 3DE released from prothoracic glands into ecdysone was induced. RNA interference experiments suggested that 3DE-3β-reductase is essential to upregulate the 20E titer after bacterial infection. The rescue experiments showed that injection with the recombinant 3DE-3β-reductase protein can significantly elevate the 20E concentration and modulate the expressions of the silkworm immune-related genes. Taken together, 20E titer determined by 3DE-3β-reductase enhances the silkworm defense against the bacterial infection. Thus, our findings reveal an important role of the 20E synthesis pathway from 3DE in enhancing the silkworm immune response and have profound implications for the understanding of interaction mechanisms between insect hormone and immunity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effects Of 20e On Silkworm Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ecdysone Titer Determined by 3DE-3β-Reductase Enhances the Immune Response in the Silkworm

Sun

Shen

Zhou

et al. 2016

The Journal of Immunology

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“…Ecdysone also was reported to regulate the activity of the Imd pathway in adult flies via its target genes, whose products are needed for PGRP-LC expression. In addition, some of these proteins appear to directly regulate the expression of a subset of the Imd pathway target genes (96).…”

Section: Regulation Of the Imd Signaling Pathwaymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Drosophila Imd Signaling Pathway

Myllymäki

Valanne

Rämet

2014

The Journal of Immunology

440

357

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The fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, has helped us to understand how innate immunity is activated. In addition to the Toll receptor and the Toll signaling pathway, the Drosophila immune response is regulated by another evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade, the immune deficiency (Imd) pathway, which activates NF-κB. In fact, the Imd pathway controls the expression of most of the antimicrobial peptides in Drosophila; thus, it is indispensable for normal immunity in flies. In this article, we review the current literature on the Drosophila Imd pathway, with special emphasis on its role in the (patho)physiology of different organs. We discuss the systemic response, as well as local responses, in the epithelial and mucosal surfaces and the nervous system.

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“…Humoral and cellular immune responses are usually studied in both larvae and adults. Since the maturation of immune responsiveness is strongly dependent on ecdysone [9,10], immune pathways in the adult stage are less affected by developmental timing. It should be noted that AntiMicrobial Peptides (AMPs) (and many immune genes) show very high levels of inducibility (equivalent to heat-shock genes).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods to study Drosophila immunity

Neyen

Bretscher

Binggeli

et al. 2014

Methods

127

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a b s t r a c tInnate immune mechanisms are well conserved throughout evolution, and many theoretical concepts, molecular pathways and gene networks are applicable to invertebrate model organisms as much as vertebrate ones. Drosophila immunity research benefits from an easily manipulated genome, a fantastic international resource of transgenic tools and over a quarter century of accumulated techniques and approaches to study innate immunity. Here we present a short collection of ways to challenge the fruit fly immune system with various pathogens and parasites, as well as read-outs to assess its functions, including cellular and humoral immune responses. Our review covers techniques for assessing the kinetics and efficiency of immune responses quantitatively and qualitatively, such as survival analysis, bacterial persistence, antimicrobial peptide gene expression, phagocytosis and melanisation assays. Finally, we offer a toolkit of Drosophila strains available to the research community for current and future research.

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Ecdysone triggered PGRP-LC expression controls Drosophila innate immunity

Cited by 135 publications

References 94 publications

Ecdysone Titer Determined by 3DE-3β-Reductase Enhances the Immune Response in the Silkworm

Ecdysone Titer Determined by 3DE-3β-Reductase Enhances the Immune Response in the Silkworm

The Drosophila Imd Signaling Pathway

Methods to study Drosophila immunity

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