ECaD: Energy‐efficient routing in flying ad hoc networks

Oubbati, Omar Sami; Mozaffari, Mohammad; Chaib, Noureddine; Lorenz, Pascal; Atiquzzaman, Mohammed; Jamalipour, Abbas

doi:10.1002/dac.4156

Cited by 71 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(48 reference statements)

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“…Batteries are often used to power the energy propulsion and on-board electronics of UAVs. The consumed energy of UAVs depends on their movement, circuit power, and transmission power consumption [105], [106]. Also, it was demonstrated in [107] that the energy consumed during the communication process can significantly limit the flying time of UAVs by nearly 16%.…”

Section: ) Energy and Flight Timementioning

confidence: 99%

Softwarization of UAV Networks: A Survey of Applications and Future Trends

et al. 2020

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Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have become increasingly important in assisting 5G and beyond 5G (B5G) mobile networks. Indeed, UAVs have all the potentials to both satisfy the ever-increasing mobile data demands of such mobile networks and provide ubiquitous connectivity to different kinds of wireless devices. However, the UAV assistance paradigm faces a set of crucial issues and challenges. For example, the network management of current UAV-assisted systems is time consuming, complicated, and carried out manually, thus causing a multitude of interoperability issues. To efficiently address all these issues, Software-Defined Network (SDN) and Network Function Virtualization (NFV) are two promising technologies to efficiently manage and improve the UAV assistance for the next generation of mobile networks. In the literature, no clear guidelines are describing the different use cases of SDN and NFV in the context of UAV assistance to terrestrial networks, including mobile networks. Motivated by this fact, in this survey, we guide the reader through a comprehensive discussion of the main characteristics of SDN and NFV technologies. Moreover, we provide a thorough analysis of the different classifications, use cases, and challenges related to UAV-assisted systems. We then discuss SDN/NFV-enabled UAV-assisted systems, along with several case studies and issues, such as the involvement of UAVs in cellular communications, monitoring, and routing, to name a few. We furthermore present a set of open research challenges, high-level insights, and future research directions related to UAV-assisted systems.

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Section: ) Energy and Flight Timementioning

confidence: 99%

Softwarization of UAV Networks: A Survey of Applications and Future Trends

et al. 2020

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“…DR is calculated by Eq. (8). Table 8 lists the parameters used for DR [33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47].…”

Section: Fprmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides, problem of previous unmanned aerial systems was the mere attempt on eliminating a single attack type and were only resistant to it. If the system was subject to combined attack, it would be practically inoperative, and the intrusion operation would fail the system quickly [4][5][6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secure Communication between UAVs Using a Method Based on Smart Agents in Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

Faraji¹,

Fotohi²

2020

Preprint

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Unmanned aerial systems (UASs) create an extensive fighting capability of the developed military forces. Particularly, these systems carrying confidential data are exposed to security attacks. By the wireless’s nature within these networks, they become susceptible to different kinds of attacks, hence, it seems essential to design the appropriate safety mechanism in such networks. The sinkhole attack is one of the most dangerous and threatening attacks amongst types of attack in UAS. A malicious UAV exists in such a threat attacking as a black hole for absorbing all traffic in the network. Mainly, in a Flow-based protocol, the attacker considers the requests on the route, then, it replies to the target UAV such as high quality or the best route towards Gard station. The malicious UAV is able to only insert itself on one occasion between the nodes relating to each other (such as sink node and sensor node), and act for passing packets among them. In this study, the malicious attacks are detected and purged using two stages were. In the first stage, some principles and rules are used to detect black hole, gray hole, and sinkhole attacks. In the second stage, using a smart agent-based strategy negotiation procedure for three steps, a defense mechanism is designed to prevent these attacks. The smart agent is used by reliable neighbors via the negotiation procedure for three steps, hence, the traffic formed by the malicious UAV is not considered. The suggested protocol is called SAUAS. Here, the technique is assessed through extensive simulations performed in the NS-3 environment. Based on the simulation outcomes, it is indicated that the UAS network performance metrics are enhanced based on the packet delivery rate, detection rate, false-negative rate and false-positive rate.

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“…These works aim to solve the reliable data delivery problem in the UAV-assisted ground networks. Further, with an increasing interest in practical system issues, recent works have considered restricted energy capacity of UAVs [15], [16], [21].…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time-Dependent Ad-Hoc Routing Structure for Delivering Delay-Sensitive Data Using UAVs

et al. 2020

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In disaster scenarios where communication networks have broken down, it is important to ensure a reliable data delivery from an emergency operations center to the local target nodes within its effective time limit. We propose a hybrid data delivery mechanism that exploits the load-carry-and-delivery by UAVs with a mixture of localized ad-hoc routing over partially connected terrestrial networks. We aim to achieve reliable on-time data delivery to the target nodes, while preserving the low routing cost. Our proposed routing methodology consists of three steps: 1) localized network construction, 2) network probing by UAVs, and 3) localized ad-hoc routing based on a dynamic depth routing tree depending on the data urgency. Here, we present an innovative cost-effective local data sharing structure called localized minimal routing tree that balances with the direct data delivery by UAVs. After the initial network setup and probing procedure, each UAV makes a series of near-optimal decisions of which grid points to visit considering its localized network topology and data urgency. Our time-dependent routing mechanism dynamically decides data recipient nodes to serve more urgent data delivery with a higher priority at a time. The simulation experiments validated our combined path planning and routing approach, achieving 71% higher reliability than the best possible performance by using only the network nodes and consuming 20% lower energy than the UAV-only approach, while maintaining high reliability. Thus, our work makes a strong case for systematically combining the two approaches. INDEX TERMS Time-dependent routing, delay constraints, load-carry-and-delivery, vehicular ad-hoc networks, unmanned aerial vehicles, ad-hoc data delivery.

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ECaD: Energy‐efficient routing in flying ad hoc networks

Cited by 71 publications

References 37 publications

Softwarization of UAV Networks: A Survey of Applications and Future Trends

Softwarization of UAV Networks: A Survey of Applications and Future Trends

Secure Communication between UAVs Using a Method Based on Smart Agents in Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

Time-Dependent Ad-Hoc Routing Structure for Delivering Delay-Sensitive Data Using UAVs

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