EC-GSM-IoT network synchronization with support for large frequency offsets

Lippuner, Stefan; Weber, Benjamin; Salomon, Mauro; Korb, Matthias; Huang, Qiuting

doi:10.1109/wcnc.2018.8377168

Cited by 19 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 6 publications

(7 reference statements)

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“…Enhanced coverage-global system for mobile Internet of Things (EC-GSM-IoT), developed by 3GPP, is one of the promising candidates for low power, long range cellular IoT (cIoT) for providing similar coverage and battery life as NB-IoT [37]. It is based on enhanced GPRS and designed for scalable, low complex LPWAN applications.…”

Section: Ec-gsm-iotmentioning

confidence: 99%

LPWAN Technologies: Emerging Application Characteristics, Requirements, and Design Considerations

2020

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Low power wide area network (LPWAN) is a promising solution for long range and low power Internet of Things (IoT) and machine to machine (M2M) communication applications. This paper focuses on defining a systematic and powerful approach of identifying the key characteristics of such applications, translating them into explicit requirements, and then deriving the associated design considerations. LPWANs are resource-constrained networks and are primarily characterized by long battery life operation, extended coverage, high capacity, and low device and deployment costs. These characteristics translate into a key set of requirements including M2M traffic management, massive capacity, energy efficiency, low power operations, extended coverage, security, and interworking. The set of corresponding design considerations is identified in terms of two categories, desired or expected ones and enhanced ones, which reflect the wide range of characteristics associated with LPWAN-based applications. Prominent design constructs include admission and user traffic management, interference management, energy saving modes of operation, lightweight media access control (MAC) protocols, accurate location identification, security coverage techniques, and flexible software re-configurability. Topological and architectural options for interconnecting LPWAN entities are discussed. The major proprietary and standards-based LPWAN technology solutions available in the marketplace are presented. These include Sigfox, LoRaWAN, Narrowband IoT (NB-IoT), and long term evolution (LTE)-M, among others. The relevance of upcoming cellular 5G technology and its complementary relationship with LPWAN technology are also discussed.

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Section: Ec-gsm-iotmentioning

confidence: 99%

LPWAN Technologies: Emerging Application Characteristics, Requirements, and Design Considerations

2020

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“…In contrast to GSM, it can support a large number of devices while providing enhanced security. Release-14 enables the positioning, makes at least 3 dB MCL improvement for low power devices on all uplinks, and uses alternative mappings of blind physical layer transmissions for higher coverage classes [31]. This results in 20 dB coverage improvement.…”

Section: Ec-gsm-iotmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of LPWAN Technologies: Cost Structure and Scalability

Hossain

Markendahl

2021

Wireless Pers Commun

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Small-scale commercial rollouts of Cellular-IoT (C-IoT) networks have started globally since last year. However, among the plethora of low power wide area network (LPWAN) technologies, the cost-effectiveness of C-IoT is not certain for IoT service providers, small and greenfield operators. Today, there is no known public framework for the feasibility analysis of IoT communication technologies. Hence, this paper first presents a generic framework to assess the cost structure of cellular and non-cellular LPWAN technologies. Then, we applied the framework in eight deployment scenarios to analyze the prospect of LPWAN technologies like Sigfox, LoRaWAN, NB-IoT, LTE-M, and EC-GSM. We consider the inter-technology interference impact on LoRaWAN and Sigfox scalability. Our results validate that a large rollout with a single technology is not cost-efficient. Also, our analysis suggests the rollout possibility of an IoT communication Technology may not be linear to cost-efficiency.

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“…3GPP possesses three basic standards, i.e., LTE-M [13], EC-GSM [14] and NB-IoT [15], which are, respectively, based on the LTE evolution, GSM evolution and Clean Slate technologies. Start from 3GPP R12 in 2013, LTE-Machine-to-Machine (LTE-M) is intended to meet the requirements of IoT devices based on the existing LTE carriers with an upstream and downstream data rate of 1 Mbps [13].…”

Section: Lte-mmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…EC-GSM (Extended Coverage-GSM) [14] was put forward after the narrowband IoT technology transferring to GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication), according to the research project in the 3GPP GERAN (GSM EDGE Radio Access Network) in 2014. As a result, a wider coverage was achieved with 20 dB higher than traditional GPRS, and five major objectives were proposed as follows: the improvement of the indoor coverage performance, support to large-scale device connectivity, simplification of the devices, reduction of the power consumption and latency.…”

Section: Ec-gsmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive-LPWAN: Towards Intelligent Wireless Services in Hybrid Low Power Wide Area Networks

Chen

Miao

Jian

et al. 2019

IEEE Trans. on Green Commun. Netw.

101

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The relentless development of the Internet of Things (IoT) communication technologies and the gradual maturity of Artificial Intelligence (AI) have led to a powerful cognitive computing ability. Users can now access efficient and convenient smart services in smart-city, green-IoT and heterogeneous networks. AI has been applied in various areas, including the intelligent household, advanced health-care, automatic driving and emotional interactions. This paper focuses on current wireless-communication technologies, including cellular-communication technologies (4G, 5G), low-power wide-area (LPWA) technologies with an unlicensed spectrum (LoRa, SigFox), and other LPWA technologies supported by 3GPP working with an authorized spectrum (EC-GSM, LTE-M, NB-IoT). We put forward a cognitive low-power widearea-network (Cognitive-LPWAN) architecture to safeguard stable and efficient communications in a heterogeneous IoT. To ensure that the user can employ the AI efficiently and conveniently, we realize a variety of LPWA technologies to safeguard the network layer. In addition, to balance the demand for heterogeneous IoT devices with the communication delay and energy consumption, we put forward the AI-enabled LPWA hybrid method, starting from the perspective of traffic control. The AI algorithm provides the smart control of wireless-communication technology, intelligent applications and services for the choice of different wireless-communication technologies. As an example, we consider the AIWAC emotion interaction system, build the Cognitive-LPWAN and test the proposed AI-enabled LPWA hybrid method. The experimental results show that our scheme can meet the demands of communicationdelay applications. Cognitive-LPWAN selects appropriate communication technologies to achieve a better interaction experience.Index Terms-Artificial intelligence, Low-power wide-area network, LoRa, LTE, NB-IoT technologies, e.g., LoRa, EC-GSM, NB-IoT, WiFi, BLE (bluetooth low-power consumption), and LTE-M. Short-distance and high-bandwidth communication technologies, such as WiFi, can cover up to 100 m with a data transmission rate of 100 Mbps. This communication mode is suitable for short-distance and high-bandwidth applications. For short-distance and low-datatransmission-rate communication technologies, e.g., Bluetooth and ZigBee, the highest coverage can reach to 100 m or so while its data transfer rate is 100 kbps. The communication mode is suitable for short-distance, low-bandwidth applications. Longdistance and high-data-transmission-rate communication technologies, such as UMTS and LTE, can cover a maximum range of 10 km, with a data transmission rate of 100 Mbps. This communication method is suitable for long-distance and highbandwidth applications. GSM can provide coverage up to 10 km, and a data-transmission rate of close to 100 kbps. This communication mode is suitable for long-distance and mediumbandwidth applications. Long-distance low-data-transmission-rate communication technologies, such as LoRa, NB-IoT, C-IoT and NB-CIoT, can co...

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EC-GSM-IoT network synchronization with support for large frequency offsets

Cited by 19 publications

References 6 publications

LPWAN Technologies: Emerging Application Characteristics, Requirements, and Design Considerations

LPWAN Technologies: Emerging Application Characteristics, Requirements, and Design Considerations

Comparison of LPWAN Technologies: Cost Structure and Scalability

Cognitive-LPWAN: Towards Intelligent Wireless Services in Hybrid Low Power Wide Area Networks

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