EBV binds to lymphocytes of transgenic mice that express the human CR2 gene

Kearns‐Jonker, Mary; Monell-Torrens, E.; Abbasi, Fatima; Holers, V. Michael; Notkins, Abner Louis; Sigounas, George

doi:10.1016/s0168-1702(97)00052-x

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…FCM has also permitted the demonstration of apoptosis associated with viral infection, including HSV (144,146), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) (4), influenza virus (267), measles virus (93), papillomavirus (340), and HIV-1 (129,194) infections. Furthermore, by means of biotinylated or directly FITC-labeled virus, interactions of EBV (142,159,182,335), echovirus (206), adenovirus (217), influenza virus (228), simian virus 40 (SV40) (20), human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) (110), measles virus (226,232), bovine herpesvirus (326), papillomavirus (268), bunyaviruses (249), poliovirus (102), and HIV-1 (14,308,318) with their putative cell receptors have been described. These investigations show that FCM is able to provide solutions to problems arising when working with microorganisms.…”

Section: General Applications Of Flow Cytometry To Microbiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of Flow Cytometry to Clinical Microbiology

Alvarez-Barrientos¹,

Arroyo²,

Cantón³

et al. 2000

Clinical Microbiology Reviews

161

112

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Section: General Applications Of Flow Cytometry To Microbiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of Flow Cytometry to Clinical Microbiology

Alvarez-Barrientos¹,

Arroyo²,

Cantón³

et al. 2000

Clinical Microbiology Reviews

161

112

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: General Applications Of Flow Cytometry To Microbiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of Flow Cytometry to Clinical Microbiology

Álvarez-Barrientos¹,

Arroyo

Cantón³

et al. 2000

Clin Microbiol Rev

190

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SUMMARY Classical microbiology techniques are relatively slow in comparison to other analytical techniques, in many cases due to the need to culture the microorganisms. Furthermore, classical approaches are difficult with unculturable microorganisms. More recently, the emergence of molecular biology techniques, particularly those on antibodies and nucleic acid probes combined with amplification techniques, has provided speediness and specificity to microbiological diagnosis. Flow cytometry (FCM) allows single- or multiple-microbe detection in clinical samples in an easy, reliable, and fast way. Microbes can be identified on the basis of their peculiar cytometric parameters or by means of certain fluorochromes that can be used either independently or bound to specific antibodies or oligonucleotides. FCM has permitted the development of quantitative procedures to assess antimicrobial susceptibility and drug cytotoxicity in a rapid, accurate, and highly reproducible way. Furthermore, this technique allows the monitoring of in vitro antimicrobial activity and of antimicrobial treatments ex vivo. The most outstanding contribution of FCM is the possibility of detecting the presence of heterogeneous populations with different responses to antimicrobial treatments. Despite these advantages, the application of FCM in clinical microbiology is not yet widespread, probably due to the lack of access to flow cytometers or the lack of knowledge about the potential of this technique. One of the goals of this review is to attempt to mitigate this latter circumstance. We are convinced that in the near future, the availability of commercial kits should increase the use of this technique in the clinical microbiology laboratory.

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“…However, the expression of CD21 on human lymphocytes is in itself not sufficient to promote efficient EBV entry and productive infection (12,26). The necessity of other factors for EBV entry into mouse cells is further borne out by the observation that transgenic mice expressing hCD21 are not susceptible to EBV infection (17). Although lymphocytes from these mice are able to bind EBV particles, no entry or EBV gene products were detected (17).…”

Section: Vol 75 2001mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The necessity of other factors for EBV entry into mouse cells is further borne out by the observation that transgenic mice expressing hCD21 are not susceptible to EBV infection (17). Although lymphocytes from these mice are able to bind EBV particles, no entry or EBV gene products were detected (17). To ascertain the requirements for EBV infection of murine cells, hCD21 and HLA-DR were transfected into murine B-cell lines.…”

Section: Vol 75 2001mentioning

confidence: 99%

Establishment of Latent Epstein-Barr Virus Infection and Stable Episomal Maintenance in Murine B-Cell Lines

Haan

Aiyar

Longnecker

2001

J Virol

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Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a strict human pathogen for which no small animal models exist. Plasmids that contain the EBV plasmid origin of replication, oriP, and express EBV nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) are stably maintained extrachromosomally in human cells, whereas these plasmids replicate poorly in rodent cells. However, the ability of oriP and EBNA1 to maintain the entire EBV episome in proliferating rodent cells has not been determined. Expression of the two human B-cell receptors for EBV on the surfaces of murine B cells allows efficient viral entry that leads to the establishment of latent EBV infection and long-term persistence of the viral genome. Latent gene expression in these cells resembles the latency II profile in that EBNA1 and LMP1 can be detected whereas EBNA2 and the EBNA3s are not expressed.Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), also designated human herpesvirus 4, establishes latent infection in human hosts and is associated with a wide variety of human malignancies (29,41). Although humans are the exclusive natural host for EBV, several other Old World primates are infected with closely related herpesviruses of the same subgroup, lymphocryptovirus (3,14,23,37). Lymphocryptovirus genomes are colinear and homologous with the EBV genome (15), and the structural and nonstructural proteins are frequently well conserved (11,25,39). Despite these similarities, differences in disease progression and the complications arising from working on primates hinder the use of these viruses as a model for EBV infection (32). The ability to genetically manipulate and study mice in the laboratory makes a murine model for EBV infection preferable. Murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (MHV-68) establishes latent infection in lymphoid tissues, but the disease pattern caused by MHV-68 differs from that of EBV (43,45,46). In addition, MHV-68 does not encode the complement of EBV latency-associated and/or transforming proteins, including the nuclear antigens (EBNAs) and latent membrane proteins LMP1 and LMP2A/B, indicating fundamental differences between it and EBV (2, 48). To determine if mice may able to serve as a suitable model for EBV infection it is necessary to determine the viral and/or host restrictions that uniquely direct EBV susceptibility to humans.Murine cells lines are typically resistant to infection by EBV, but reports have indicated that introducing the expression of human CD21 (hCD21), the cellular receptor involved in binding the EBV envelope glycoprotein gp350 (36, 47), promotes EBV infection of murine L cells (1, 6). However, this may be a cell type-dependent phenomenon, since the requirements for viral entry into epithelial and fibroblast cell lines appear to be quite different than those for entry into B cells (16,27,33,54). In addition to the binding of gp350 with CD21, EBV entry into human B cells requires additional interaction with a second cellular receptor, HLA class II, with the ternary gH-gL-gp42 complex (26,27,50). Moreover, studies indicate that the expression of CD21 on human lymphocytes is not sufficient ...

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EBV binds to lymphocytes of transgenic mice that express the human CR2 gene

Cited by 5 publications

References 32 publications

Applications of Flow Cytometry to Clinical Microbiology

Applications of Flow Cytometry to Clinical Microbiology

Applications of Flow Cytometry to Clinical Microbiology

Establishment of Latent Epstein-Barr Virus Infection and Stable Episomal Maintenance in Murine B-Cell Lines

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