EBV and HIV-Related Lymphoma

Abstract

HIV-associated lymphoproliferative disorders represent a heterogeneous group of diseases, arising in the presence of HIV-associated immunodeficiency. The overall prevalence of HIV-associated lymphoma is significantly higher compared to that of the general population and it continues to be relevant even after the wide availability of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) (1). Moreover, they still represent one of the most frequent cause of death in HIV-infected patients. Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), a γ-Herpesviruses, is involved in human lymphomagenesis, particularly in HIV immunocompromised patients. It has been largely implicated in the development of B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders as Burkitt lymphoma (BL), Hodgkin disease (HD), systemic non Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL), nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NC). Virus-associated lymphomas are becoming of significant concern for the mortality of long-lived HIV immunocompromised patients, and therefore, research of advanced strategies for AIDS-related lymphomas is an important field in cancer chemotherapy. Detailed understanding of the EBV lifecycle and related cancers at the molecular level is required for novel strategies of molecular-targeted cancer chemotherapy The linkage of HIV-related lymphoma with EBV infection of the tumor clone has several pathogenetic, prognostic and possibly therapeutic implications which are reviewed herein.

Development of Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma Associated with Human Immunodeficiency Virus and JC Virus Infection

“…While EBV is almost exclusively positive in PCNSL associated with HIV infection, 14 the association of EBV was not demonstrated in the present case. B lymphocytes are known to be a potential site for latent infection and reactivation of JCV, 1,15,16 and a potential role of the virus in the pathogenesis of PCNSL was previously proposed.…”

HIV-associated non-Hodgkin lymphoma: viral origins and therapeutic options

“…However, in contrast to EBV-encoded RNA-positive DLBCL and PEL, the viral oncogenes latent membrane protein 1 (LMP-1) and EBNA-2 are not expressed. 22 This may suggest that EBV does not play the same role in oncogenesis in this subtype of lymphoma and that the oncogenic properties of the HIV-1 virus may predominate. Abnormal overexpression of wildtype RBL2 (Rb2/p130), a tumor suppressor gene, is seen in HIV-1-related BL.…”

Rationale For Immune-Based Therapies in Merkel Polyomavirus-Positive and -Negative Merkel Cell Carcinomas

“…The majority of MCCs are associated with the Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) MCC occurs more frequently in patients with immunodeficiency, including AIDS, suggesting that MCC may have an infectious etiology similar to Kaposi's sarcoma and EBV-induced Burkitt's lymphoma [7][8][9][10]. This was confirmed in 2008 when MCPyV was discovered in eight of ten MCC tumors using Digital Transcriptome Subtraction, a high-throughput cDNA sequencing platform that aligned MCC tumor Rationale for immune-based therapies in Merkel polyomavirus-positive and -negative Merkel cell carcinomas future science group Review Vandeven & Nghiem transcripts against reference human sequences [6].…”