EBT2 film as a depth-dose measurement tool for radiotherapy beams over a wide range of energies and modalities

Arjomandy, B.; Tailor, Ramesh; Zhao, Li; Dević, Slobodan

doi:10.1118/1.3678989

Cited by 55 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 50 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…For MV beams, EBT, EBT2, and EBT3 GAFCHROMIC film models were used extensively to measure therapeutic doses over wide dose range and the same dosimetry protocols apply for imaging. The dosimetric properties of these films were tested widely in the literature in terms of absorption spectra, (24) postirradiation waiting time, 24 , 25 scanning mode and exposure to light, 25 , 26 high temperature behavior, (25) performance in water, (27) depth dose measurements, (28) and energy dependence 29 , 30 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiochromic film based dosimetry of image‐guidance procedures on different radiotherapy modalities

Nobah

Aldelaijan

Dević

et al. 2014

J Applied Clin Med Phys

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In this work we compare doses from imaging procedures performed on today's state‐of‐the‐art integrated imaging systems using a reference radiochromic film dosimetry system. Skin dose and dose profile measurements from different imaging systems were performed using radiochromic films at different anatomical sites on a humanoid RANDO phantom. EBT3 film was used to measure imaging doses from a TomoTherapy MVCT system, while XRQA2 film was used for dose measurements from kilovoltage imaging systems (CBCT on 21eX and TrueBeam Varian linear accelerators and CyberKnife stereoscopic orthogonal imagers). Maximum measured imaging doses in cGy at head, thorax, and pelvis regions were respectively 0.50, 1.01, and 4.91 for CBCT on 21eX, 0.38, 0.84, and 3.15 for CBCT on TrueBeam, 4.33, 3.86, and 6.50 for CyberKnife imagers, and 3.84, 1.90, and 2.09 for TomoTherapy MVCT. In addition, we have shown how an improved calibration system of XRQA2 film can achieve dose uncertainty level of better than 2% for doses above 0.25 cGy. In addition to simulation‐based studies in literature, this study provides the radiation oncology team with data necessary to aid in their decision about imaging frequency for image‐guided radiation therapy protocols.PACS number: 87.53.Bn, 87.55.Qr, 87.56.Fc

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiochromic film based dosimetry of image‐guidance procedures on different radiotherapy modalities

Nobah

Aldelaijan

Dević

et al. 2014

J Applied Clin Med Phys

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“…The properties and sensitivity of EBT2 film have been well documented for a wide range of energies for different radiation sources used in radiotherapy (Andres et al 2010, Arjomandy et al 2010, Butson et al 2010, Lindsay et al 2010, Arjomandy et al 2012, Reinhardt et al 2012, Ashland 2013b. The MC calculated absorbed-dose energy dependence has been found to be constant for monoenergetic photon beams in the energy range from 100 kV-18 MV (Sutherland and Rogers 2010).…”

Section: Radiochromic Ebt2 Filmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dosimetry of very high energy electrons (VHEE) for radiotherapy applications: using radiochromic film measurements and Monte Carlo simulations

Subiel¹,

Moskvin²,

Welsh³

et al. 2014

Phys. Med. Biol.

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Very high energy electrons (VHEE) in the range from 100-250 MeV have the potential of becoming an alternative modality in radiotherapy because of their improved dosimetry properties compared with MV photons from contemporary medical linear accelerators. Due to the need for accurate dosimetry of small field size VHEE beams we have performed dose measurements using EBT2 Gafchromic® film. Calibration of the film has been carried out for beams of two different energy ranges: 20 MeV and 165 MeV from conventional radio frequency linear accelerators. In addition, EBT2 film has been used for dose measurements with 135 MeV electron beams produced by a laser-plasma wakefield accelerator. The dose response measurements and percentage depth dose profiles have been compared with calculations carried out using the general-purpose FLUKA Monte Carlo (MC) radiation transport code. The impact of induced radioactivity on film response for VHEEs has been evaluated using the MC simulations. A neutron yield of the order of 10 −5 neutrons cm −2 per incident electron has been estimated and induced activity due to radionuclide production is found to have a negligible effect on total dose deposition and film response. Neutron and proton contribution to the equivalent doses are negligible for VHEE. The study demonstrates that EBT2 Gafchromic film is a reliable dosimeter that can be used for dosimetry of VHEE. The results indicate an energy-independent response of the dosimeter for 20 MeV and 165 MeV electron beams and has been found to be suitable for dosimetry of VHEE.

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“…10 cm x 10 cm field, 90 cm source to surface distance (SSD) and 10 cm depth. For the calibration, the films were irradiated perpendicular to the beam axis (see Figure 1a) following the same procedure reported previously [11] while in the Cyberknife, the films were collocated at 70 cm SSD in the parallel orientation (see Figure 1b) in order to obtain all the parameters in one measurement using the irradiation method proposed previously [12]. To do the irradiation in parallel orientation, new acrylic holders were fabricated depending on the size of each beam as shown in Figure 1c and the width of each holder was equal to or greater than twice the beam diameter.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Absorbed dose distribution in liquid water for a CyberKnife VSI using radiochromic EBT3 film

Hernández-Guzmán

Aragón-Martínez

Gómez-Muñoz

et al. 2016

AIP Conference Proceedings

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EBT2 film as a depth-dose measurement tool for radiotherapy beams over a wide range of energies and modalities

Abstract: The EBT-2 model GAFCHROMIC™ film is an excellent secondary dosimeter for measurement of percentage depth-doses for a broad range of beam qualities and modalities used in radiotherapy. It offers an easy and efficient way to measure beam depth-dose data with a high spatial resolution.

Cited by 55 publications

References 50 publications

Radiochromic film based dosimetry of image‐guidance procedures on different radiotherapy modalities

Radiochromic film based dosimetry of image‐guidance procedures on different radiotherapy modalities

Dosimetry of very high energy electrons (VHEE) for radiotherapy applications: using radiochromic film measurements and Monte Carlo simulations

Absorbed dose distribution in liquid water for a CyberKnife VSI using radiochromic EBT3 film

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