Ebola Virus Persistence in Breast Milk After No Reported Illness: A Likely Source of Virus Transmission From Mother to Child

Sissoko, Daouda; Keïta, Mory; Diallo, Boubacar; Aliabadi, Negar; Fitter, David; Dahl, Benjamin A.; Boré, Joseph Akoi; Koundouno, Fara Raymond; Singethan, Katrin; Meisel, Sarah; Enkirch, Theresa; Mazzarelli, Antonio; Amburgey, Victoria; Faye, Ousmane; Sall, Amadou Alpha; Magassouba, N’Faly; Carroll, Miles W.; Anglaret, Xavier; Malvy, Denis; Formenty, Pierre; Aylward, R. Bruce; Кейта, Сакоба; Djingarey, Mamoudou Harouna; Loman, Nicholas J.; Günther, Stephan; Duraffour, Sophie

doi:10.1093/cid/ciw793

Cited by 64 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In rare cases, encephalitis has also been noted [30][31][32][33] . Filoviruses have also been detected by PCR and/or virus isolation in the breast milk 34,35 and semen [36][37][38][39] of survivors. The persistence of filoviruses in semen is particularly concerning, with detection in one individual occurring 565 days after discharge from an EBOV treatment centre in Liberia 38 .…”

Section: Clinical Manifestationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-exposure treatments for Ebola and Marburg virus infections

Cross

Mire

Feldmann

et al. 2018

Nat Rev Drug Discov

107

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| The filoviruses -Ebola virus and Marburg virus -cause lethal haemorrhagic fever in humans and non-human primates (NHPs). Filoviruses present a global health threat both as naturally acquired diseases and as potential agents of bioterrorism. In the recent 2013-2016 outbreak of Ebola virus, the most promising therapies for post-exposure use with demonstrated efficacy in the gold-standard NHP models of filovirus disease were unable to show statistically significant protection in patients infected with Ebola virus. This Review briefly discusses these failures and what has been learned from these experiences, and summarizes the current status of post-exposure medical countermeasures in development, including antibodies, small interfering RNA and small molecules. We outline how our current knowledge could be applied to the identification of novel interventions and ways to use interventions more effectively. R E V I E W SNATURE REVIEWS | DRUG DISCOVERY VOLUME 17 | JUNE 2018 | 413 © 2 0 1 8 M a c m i l l a n P u b l i s h e r s L i m i t e d , p a r t o f S p r i n g e r N a t u r e . A l l r i g h t s r e s e r v e d . AstheniaMuscular weakness. MyalgiaMuscular pain. ArthralgiaJoint pain. LeukopeniaA condition of having a low number of circulating leukocytes, including neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes and monocytes. LymphocytopeniaA condition of having a low number of circulating leukocytes, including natural killer cells, T cells and B cells. ThrombocytopeniaA condition of having a low number of circulating thrombocytes, also known as platelets.and Ebolavirus. The Marburgvirus genus contains a single species, Marburg marburgvirus, which contains two members, Marburg virus (MARV) and Ravn virus (RAVV). The Ebolavirus genus consists of five distinct species: Bundibugyo ebolavirus (BDBV), Reston ebolavirus (RESTV), Sudan ebolavirus (SUDV), Tai Forest ebolavirus (TAFV; previously termed 'Côte d'Ivoire ebolavirus' but more commonly known as 'Ivory Coast ebolavirus') and Zaire ebolavirus (EBOV). MARV, RAVV, BDBV, SUDV and EBOV are important human pathogens, with case fatality rates often up to 90% for MARV, RAVV and EBOV, and around 55% for SUDV 8,10 . On the basis of two small outbreaks in 2007 and 2012, BDBV seems to be the least pathogenic, with a case fatality rate of about 40-48% 11,12 . In 1994, TAFV was associated with a number of deaths in chimpanzees and a single symptomatic but non-lethal human infection in the Republic of Côte d'Ivoire 13,14 . RESTV is lethal for macaques but is not thought to cause disease in humans 15 . An outbreak of RESTV was reported in pigs in the Philippines in 2008; however, it remains uncertain whether the disease observed in the pigs was caused by RESTV or other agents reported to have co-infected the animals 16 . Clinical manifestationsClinical and laboratory signs of disease caused by filovirus infection are nonspecific and usually associated with an incubation period of 2-21 days (mean 4-10 days) 8,17 . Illness begins with an abrupt onset of fever, astheni...

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Section: Clinical Manifestationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-exposure treatments for Ebola and Marburg virus infections

Cross

Mire

Feldmann

et al. 2018

Nat Rev Drug Discov

107

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“…The high mobility of the population across borders and closer proximity to urban centers, even when living remotely, will probably have increased transmission frequency in the three heavily affected countries (Coltart et al, 2017; WHO Ebola Response Team et al, 2016). Higher survival rates of patients and virus persistence in convalescents may have further increased the chances for transmission (Garske et al, 2017; Sissoko et al, 2017a, 2017b). These are only a few examples of many more that should be considered and investigated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recently Identified Mutations in the Ebola Virus-Makona Genome Do Not Alter Pathogenicity in Animal Models

et al. 2018

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Summary Ebola virus (EBOV), isolate Makona, the causative agent of the West African EBOV epidemic, has been the subject of numerous investigations to determine the genetic diversity and its potential implication for virus biology, pathogenicity, and transmissibility. Despite various mutations that have emerged over time through multiple human-to-human transmission chains, their biological relevance remains questionable. Recently, mutations in the glycoprotein GP and polymerase L, which emerged and stabilized early during the outbreak, have been associated with improved viral fitness in cell culture. Here, we infected mice and rhesus macaques with EBOV-Makona isolates carrying or lacking those mutations. Surprisingly, all isolates behaved very similarly independent of the genotype, causing severe or lethal disease in mice and macaques, respectively. Likewise, we could not detect any evidence for differences in virus shedding. Thus, no specific biological phenotype could be associated with these EBOV-Makona mutations in two animal models.

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“…Her buccal swab test was positive for Ebola virus by RT-PCR. The genome of this virus matched with the Sierra-Leone 3 lineage, which was endemic in the region of her residence during May-July 2015 [111]. To trace the source of infection, the deceased infant's parents were tested for Ebola virus infection using body fluid samples.…”

Section: Guineamentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic Review of Important Viral Diseases in Africa in Light of the ‘One Health’ Concept

et al. 2020

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Emerging and re-emerging viral diseases are of great public health concern. The recent emergence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) related coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in December 2019 in China, which causes COVID-19 disease in humans, and its current spread to several countries, leading to the first pandemic in history to be caused by a coronavirus, highlights the significance of zoonotic viral diseases. Rift Valley fever, rabies, West Nile, chikungunya, dengue, yellow fever, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, Ebola, and influenza viruses among many other viruses have been reported from different African countries. The paucity of information, lack of knowledge, limited resources, and climate change, coupled with cultural traditions make the African continent a hotspot for vector-borne and zoonotic viral diseases, which may spread globally. Currently, there is no information available on the status of virus diseases in Africa. This systematic review highlights the available information about viral diseases, including zoonotic and vector-borne diseases, reported in Africa. The findings will help us understand the trend of emerging and re-emerging virus diseases within the African continent. The findings recommend active surveillance of viral diseases and strict implementation of One Health measures in Africa to improve human public health and reduce the possibility of potential pandemics due to zoonotic viruses.

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Ebola Virus Persistence in Breast Milk After No Reported Illness: A Likely Source of Virus Transmission From Mother to Child

Cited by 64 publications

References 12 publications

Post-exposure treatments for Ebola and Marburg virus infections

Post-exposure treatments for Ebola and Marburg virus infections

Recently Identified Mutations in the Ebola Virus-Makona Genome Do Not Alter Pathogenicity in Animal Models

Systematic Review of Important Viral Diseases in Africa in Light of the ‘One Health’ Concept

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