Ebola Virus Disease Outbreak — Democratic Republic of the Congo, August 2018–November 2019

Aruna, Aaron; Mbala, Placide; Minikulu, Luigi; Mukadi, Daniel; Bulemfu, Dorothée; Edidi, Franck; Bulabula, Junior; Tshapenda, Gaston; Nsio, Justus; Kitenge, Richard; Mbuyi, Gisèle; Mwanzembe, Celestin; Kombe, John; Lubula, Leopold; Shako, Jean Christophe; Mossoko, Mathias; Mulangu, Felix; Mutombo, Annie; Sana, Emilia; Tutu, Yannick; Kabange, Laetycia; Makengo, Jonathan; Tshibinkufua, Fortunat; Ahuka‐Mundeke, Steve; Muyembe, Jean-Jacques; Cdc, Ebola Response; Response, Cdc Ebola

doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6850a3

Cited by 91 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The devastating -2016Ebola Virus Epidemic (WHO 2020b in West Africa, demonstrated how ill-prepared the affected countries were to rapidly identify the infection and halt transmission (WHO 2020d;Largent EA et al, 2016;Hoffman SJ et al, 2018;Omoleke SA et al, 2016). Similarly, the smoldering remnants of the 2018-19 Ebola Virus outbreak in the Democratic Republic of Congo, have demonstrated even for health services with considerable experience of dealing with a certain emerging pathogen, geography and sociopolitical instability, can hamper the response (Aruna et al 2019).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Africa prepared for tackling the COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) epidemic. Lessons from past outbreaks, ongoing pan-African public health efforts, and implications for the future

Kapata¹,

Ihekweazu²,

Ntoumi³

et al. 2020

International Journal of Infectious Diseases

182

174

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confidence: 99%

Is Africa prepared for tackling the COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) epidemic. Lessons from past outbreaks, ongoing pan-African public health efforts, and implications for the future

Kapata¹,

Ihekweazu²,

Ntoumi³

et al. 2020

International Journal of Infectious Diseases

182

174

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“…The world's second largest Ebola epidemic on record was declared on August 1, 2018, in the North Kivu and Ituri provinces of the DRC. Since then, cases also have been reported in South Kivu(64,65). Widespread violence in the provinces, resulting from conflicts among numerous armed 2014, there have been substantial improvements in medical management, including better supportive care, accessible Ebola treatment centers, new treatments, and an effective vaccine.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

SERINC5 as a New Restriction Factor for Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Murine Leukemia Virus

et al. 2018

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SERINC genes encode for homologous multipass transmembrane proteins with unknown cellular function, despite being highly conserved across eukaryotes. Among the five SERINC genes found in humans, SERINC5 was shown to act as a powerful inhibitor of retroviruses. It is efficiently incorporated into virions and blocks the penetration of the viral core into target cells, by impairing the fusion process with a yet unclear mechanism. SERINC5 was also found to promote human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) virion neutralization by antibodies, indicating a pleiotropic activity, which remains mostly unexplored. Counteracting factors have emerged independently in at least three retrovirus lineages, underscoring their fundamental importance during retrovirus evolution. Nef and S2 of primate and equine lentiviruses, and glycoGag of gammaretroviruses, act similarly by targeting SERINC5 to endosomes and excluding it from virions. Here, we discuss the features that distinguish SERINC5 from other known restriction factors, delineating a yet unique class of antiviral inhibitors.

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“…The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) has experienced eleven documented outbreaks of Ebola virus [21][22][23] with the most recent three having occurred in May-July 2018 (Équateur Province), from July 2018 -July 2020 (North Kivu/Ituri Provinces) and from May 2020 onwards (Mbandaka). The latter outbreak is ongoing at the time of writing (June 2020) and the North Kivu epidemic is the second largest Ebola outbreak on record, with more than 3,296 cases and 2,196 deaths having been reported by late Dec 2019 [23] . Control efforts targeted against the infection were complicated by a number of factors which included regional conflict, high population density, community mistrust of the response and limited infrastructure for healthcare provision and communications in the affected areas.…”

Section: The Public Health Use Casementioning

confidence: 99%

Electronic Data Management in Public Health and Humanitarian Crises. Upgrades, Scalability and Impact of ODK

Marks

Lal

Brindle

et al. 2020

Preprint

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BackgroundODK provides software and standards that are popular solutions for off-grid electronic data collection and are the basis of related products like CommCare, Enketo, Ona, SurveyCTO and KoBoToolbox. In combination with the use of statistical analysis software such as R, these tools provide fully open-source options for off-grid use in public health data collection, management, analysis and reporting.ResultsNew functions were developed to facilitate the use of ODK, Enketo and R in large scale data collection, aggregation, monitoring and near-real-time analysis during clinical research in health emergencies. We present open-source enhancements to ODK that include a built-in audit-trail, a framework and companion app for biometric registration of ISO/IEC 19794-2 fingerprint templates, enhanced performance features, better scalability for studies featuring millions of data form submissions, increased options for parallelisation of research projects, and pipelines for automated management and analysis of data. We also developed novel encryption protocols for enhanced web-form security in Enketo. During the 2018-2020 Ebola epidemic in the North Kivu & Ituri regions of Democratic Republic of Congo, ODK, Enketo and R were leveraged to support the DRC Ministère de la Santé RDC and World Health Organization in their efforts to administer an experimental vaccine (VSV-Zebov-GP) as part of their strategy to control the transmission of infection. Against the backdrop of a complex and challenging epidemic response, our enhanced platform of open tools was used to collect and manage data from more than 280,000 eligible study participants who received VSV under informed consent. These data were used to determine whether the VSV-Zebov-GP was safe and effective and to guide daily field operations.ConclusionsWe present open source developments that make electronic data management during clinical research and health emergencies more viable and robust. These developments will also enhance and expand the functionality of a diverse range of data collection platforms (Ona, KoBoToolbox etc.) that are based on the ODK software and standards.FundingThis research is funded by the Department of Health and Social Care using UK Aid funding and is managed by the NIHR (PR-OD-1017-20001).

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Ebola Virus Disease Outbreak — Democratic Republic of the Congo, August 2018–November 2019

Cited by 91 publications

References 7 publications

Is Africa prepared for tackling the COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) epidemic. Lessons from past outbreaks, ongoing pan-African public health efforts, and implications for the future

Is Africa prepared for tackling the COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) epidemic. Lessons from past outbreaks, ongoing pan-African public health efforts, and implications for the future

SERINC5 as a New Restriction Factor for Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Murine Leukemia Virus

Electronic Data Management in Public Health and Humanitarian Crises. Upgrades, Scalability and Impact of ODK

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