Ebola Virus Antibody Prevalence in Dogs and Human Risk

Allela, Loïs; Bourry, Olivier; Pouillot, Régis; Delicat, André; Yaba, Philippe; Kumulungui, Brice; Rouquet, Pierre; Gonzalez, Jean-Paul; Leroy, Eric M.

doi:10.3201/eid1103.040981

Cited by 76 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(23 reference statements)

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“…In certain regions of Africa, scavenging dogs, while searching for food, have been known to eat animals infected with EBOV. Such dogs remain asymptomatic; however, a survey conducted in 2005 revealed over 30% seroprevalence for the EBOV infection in dogs, but there were no clinical outward manifestations; hence, a clear picture regarding the transmission of EBOV from dogs could not be inferred [27,28]. Pigs may tend to develop disease that is symptomatic in nature.…”

Section: Host Rangementioning

confidence: 99%

Ebola from emergence to epidemic: the virus and the disease, global preparedness and perspectives

Dhama

Malik

et al. 2015

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Humans constantly encounter threats from many infectious, zoonotic, and devastating pathogens. Outbreaks of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), bird flu, and swine flu posing pandemic threats have compelled health agencies to follow global preparedness for combating the emerging deadly pathogens. The outbreak in West Africa of highly contagious Ebola viral disease (EVD) that started in Guinea in December 2013, assumed global proportions to become the largest outbreak of EVD and the most prominent international health concern. With fatality rates of nearly 50%-90%, it has claimed, as of 11 April 2015, 10,619 human lives out of a total of 25,626 cases reported worldwide. Ebola virus (EBOV), a member of Filoviridae family, is associated with severe, often lethal, hemorrhagic fever disease in humans and animals. The animal hosts, including non-human primates and reservoir hosts (fruit bats), play a significant role in transmission and maintenance of EBOV in nature. Although no approved vaccine for the prevention of EVD currently exists, disease control can be greatly enhanced by timely laboratory confirmation through blood tests using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Adherence to strict sanitary and hygienic measures, monitoring and surveillance of EBOV, as well as quarantine checks on international trade, transport, and visitors from affected countries are mandatory to prevent and control the spread of EVD. This review describes the salient properties of EBOV and the development of novel diagnostics, vaccines, and control strategies for this emerging disease of high public health concern and international emergency.

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Section: Host Rangementioning

confidence: 99%

Ebola from emergence to epidemic: the virus and the disease, global preparedness and perspectives

Dhama

Malik

et al. 2015

J Infect Dev Ctries

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“…However, the role of domestic animals is not yet clear, and to date only limited sampling has been conducted during or shortly after Ebola outbreaks seeking to determine whether domestic animals can be infected with Ebola virus and possibly participate in the virus transmission cycle. From five tested speciesbovine, ovine, caprine, swine and canine -only dogs were found to have antibodies against EBOV [6,7]. Recently, Reston-Ebola virus (REBOV) has been isolated from pigs in the Philippines, and importantly with further transmission to humans, which raises a concern that this species may have been missed as susceptible to EBOV during the surveys due to the number of samples being limited to only twelve pigs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Antibody detection by ELISA employing cell lysate antigen [14] was successfully used in the serosurvey for EBOV antibodies in dogs [7]. This ELISA format, using CDC antigen, was used in IgM capture assay in pig serum by Nfon et al [13], as well as in the study by Marsh and colleagues [10] to detect IgG antibodies in their experimentally infected piglets.…”

Section: Antibody Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Index of Authors

2013

Vaccines and Diagnostics for Transboundary Animal Diseases

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Ebola viruses (EBOV; genus Ebolavirus, family Filoviridae) cause often fatal, hemorrhagic fever in several species of simian primates including human. While fruit bats are considered a natural reservoir, the involvement of other species in the EBOV transmission cycle is unclear, especially for domesticated animals. Dogs and pigs are so far the only domestic animals identified as species that can be infected with EBOV. In 2009 Reston-EBOV was the first EBOV reported to infect swine with indicated transmission to humans; and a survey in Gabon found over 30% seroprevalence for EBOV in dogs during the Ebola outbreak in [2001][2002]. While infections in dogs appear to be asymptomatic, pigs experimentally infected with EBOV can develop clinical disease, depending on the virus species and possibly the age of the infected animals. In the experimental settings, pigs can transmit Zaire-Ebola virus to naive pigs and macaques; however, their role during Ebola outbreaks in Africa needs to be clarified. Attempts at virus and antibody detection require as a prerequisite validation of viral RNA and antibody detection methods especially for pigs, as well as the development of a sampling strategy. Significant issues about disease development remain to be resolved for EBOV. Evaluation of current human vaccine candidates or development of veterinary vaccines de novo for EBOV might need to be considered, especially if pigs or dogs are implicated in the transmission of an African species of EBOV to humans.

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“…A survey conducted in Gabon on dogs eating dead animals showed over 30% seroprevalence for EBOV during the Ebola outbreak in 2001-2002(Allela et al, 2005. Dogs asymptomatically incubate the virus; while pigs experimentally infected with EBOV can develop clinical disease, depending on the virus species.…”

Section: Domestic Vertebrate Animals Sensitive To Filovirusesmentioning

confidence: 99%