Eating rate is associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in Korean adults

Lee, Kyung Shik; Kim, D.H.; Jang, Jae Soon; Nam, Ga Eun; Shin, Yun-A; Bok, A. R.; Kim, M.J.; Cho, K.H.

doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2012.02.003

Cited by 46 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The subjects in the present study who assessed themselves as fast eaters tended to be overweight and obese, and indeed ate the test meal with a smaller total number of chews and shorter total meal duration than did the slow eaters. This is consistent with the findings of many previous studies of the relationships between the objectively and subjectively assessed eating speeds and the body composition and shape (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19). Previous studies have also demonstrated that fast eating induces overeating, and that overeating is related to weight gain due to the ingestion of a larger volume of food before experiencing satiety (22)(23)(24).…”

supporting

confidence: 92%

“…Cross-sectional, longitudinal and experimental studies have provided strong evidence for fast eating inducing overweight (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19). The subjects in the present study who assessed themselves as fast eaters tended to be overweight and obese, and indeed ate the test meal with a smaller total number of chews and shorter total meal duration than did the slow eaters.…”

mentioning

confidence: 50%

“…Slow eating, which involves chewing food slowly and thoroughly, is an effective strategy for preventing overweight and obesity, with many previous studies having found eating speed to be related to the body composition and shape (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18). However, these studies were limited by their use of questionnaires to assess the eating speed.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The present study assessed eating speed both objectively and subjectively because it was unclear whether the subjective eating speed, as used in previous studies (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18), actually reflects a subject's actual eating speed. The objectively assessed variables of eating speed, total number of chews and total meal duration were significantly negatively correlated with the body mass, %Fat, BMI, and circumferences of the waist, abdomen and hip.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Objective and Subjective Eating Speeds Are Related to Body Composition and Shape in Female College Students

Hamada

Miyaji

Hayashi

et al. 2017

J Nutr Sci Vitaminol

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Summary Eating speed reportedly relates to body composition and shape. Little is known about the relationship between the objectively assessed eating speed and the body composition and shape. This study examined relationships between eating speed as assessed both objectively and subjectively, and body composition and shape. The following variables of body composition and shape were measured in 84 female college students: body mass, relative body fat mass (%Fat), body mass index (BMI), and circumferences of the waist, abdomen and hip. After measuring the body composition and shape, subjects consumed a 174-kcal salmon rice ball. The following chewing variables were measured by observing videotape recordings of the subjects' faces: number of chews per bite, total number of chews, total meal duration, number of bites, and chewing rate. The subjects were categorized into three groups (fast, moderate and slow) according to their own subjective assessments of the actual eating speed. In objective assessments of the eating speed, the total number of chews and the total meal duration were significantly negatively correlated with the body mass, %Fat, BMI, and circumferences of the waist, abdomen and hip. In subjective eating-speed assessments, the body mass, %Fat, BMI, and circumferences of the waist, abdomen and hip were greater in the fast eating group than in the slow eating group. Both the objectively and subjectively assessed eating speeds are related to the body composition and shape. The present study supports that fast eating may relate to gains in body mass and/or fat mass. Key Words body composition, eating speed, mastication, meal duration Overweight and obesity have become one of the public health issues disseminating worldwide: the global obesity pandemic (1). The presence of overweight and obesity increases the incidence rates of many health problems, including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, musculoskeletal disorders, and some cancers (2). Strategies for effectively preventing the spread of overweight and obesity are therefore urgently needed.Slow eating, which involves chewing food slowly and thoroughly, is an effective strategy for preventing overweight and obesity, with many previous studies having found eating speed to be related to the body composition and shape (3-18). However, these studies were limited by their use of questionnaires to assess the eating speed. While questionnaires make it easy to survey eating speeds in large samples, it is unclear whether such subjective assessments of eating speed actually reflect actual eating speeds. Objective assessments of the eating speed are therefore necessary for reliably investigating the relationships between the eating speed and the body composition and shape.To the best of our knowledge, only one study has objectively assessed the eating speed (19); those authors found that the total numbers of chews and the total meal duration were significantly correlated with the body mass index (BMI). Both males and females were included in that study, whereas H...

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supporting

confidence: 92%

mentioning

confidence: 50%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Objective and Subjective Eating Speeds Are Related to Body Composition and Shape in Female College Students

Hamada

Miyaji

Hayashi

et al. 2017

J Nutr Sci Vitaminol

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“…For example, individuals often report eating rapidly during binge eating episodes. 57 Increased eating speed is associated with increased cardiometabolic risk 58,59 ; therefore, it could be hypothesized that the rapid consumption of food during frequent LOC eating episodes may impact chronic inflammation. However, little is known about the association between such characteristics and chronic inflammation, thus future research is warranted.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pediatric Loss of Control Eating and High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein Concentrations

et al. 2017

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Background: Loss of control (LOC) eating in youth is associated with excess body weight and adiposity. After adjusting for fat mass, youth with LOC eating have higher blood pressure and higher low-density lipoprotein cholesterol compared to youth without LOC eating. Increased inflammation may account for this relationship, although few data have examined this hypothesis. Therefore, this study explored the association between LOC eating and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), a marker of inflammation.Methods: We investigated hsCRP concentrations in relation to LOC eating in a convenience sample of 194 youth (age 14.3 -2.1 years; 63.9% female; BMI-z 1.64 -1.06). The presence of LOC eating in the past month was assessed by the Eating Disorder Examination interview. Serum hsCRP was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Adiposity was measured by air displacement plethysmography or dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. We compared hsCRP in those with and without LOC eating in analyses accounting for sex, adiposity, height, depressive symptoms, and eating psychopathology.Results: Youth with LOC eating had significantly greater hsCRP than youth without LOC eating ( p = 0.02), after accounting for all covariates. The number of LOC eating episodes in the past month was positively associated with hsCRP ( p = 0.01). The relationship between LOC eating and hsCRP was not mediated by depressive symptoms or eating psychopathology ( ps > 0.05).Conclusions: Youth with disinhibited eating may manifest increased chronic inflammation. Those with LOC eating may be an important subgroup at risk for adverse health outcomes associated with both chronic inflammation and obesity. Future research should examine whether hsCRP concentrations mediate the relationship between LOC eating and its association with cardiometabolic risk.

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Remission of loss of control eating and changes in components of the metabolic syndrome

Shank

Tanofsky‐Kraff

Radin

et al. 2018

Intl J Eating Disorders

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Objective Pediatric loss of control (LOC) eating prospectively predicts the worsening of metabolic syndrome components. However, it is unknown if remission of LOC eating is associated with improvements in metabolic health. Therefore, we conducted a secondary analysis of a trial that enrolled adolescent girls with LOC eating, examining whether LOC remission (vs. persistence) at end-of-treatment was associated with changes in metabolic syndrome components at 6-month follow-up. Method One hundred three adolescent girls (age 14.5±1.7y; BMI-z 1.5±0.3; 56.3% non-Hispanic White, 24.3% non-Hispanic Black) with elevated weight (75th-97th BMI %ile) and reported LOC eating were assessed for metabolic syndrome components at baseline and again six months following the interventions. The main effects of LOC status at end-of-treatment (persistence vs. remission) on metabolic syndrome components (waist circumference, lipids, glucose, and blood pressure) at 6-month follow-up were examined, adjusting for baseline age, depressive symptoms, LOC frequency, fat mass, and height, as well as race, change in height, change in fat mass, and the baseline value of each respective component. Results Youth with LOC remission at end-of-treatment had lower glucose (83.9±6.4 vs. 86.5±5.8 mg/dL; p = .02), higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (50.3±11.8 vs. 44.8±11.9 mg/dL; p = .01), and lower triglycerides (84.4±46.2 vs. 96.9±53.7 mg/dL; p = .02) at 6-month follow-up compared to youth with persistent LOC, despite no baseline differences in these components. No other component significantly differed by LOC eating status (ps > .05). Discussion Reducing LOC eating in adolescent girls may have a beneficial impact on some components of the metabolic syndrome.

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Eating rate is associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in Korean adults

Cited by 46 publications

References 24 publications

Objective and Subjective Eating Speeds Are Related to Body Composition and Shape in Female College Students

Objective and Subjective Eating Speeds Are Related to Body Composition and Shape in Female College Students

Pediatric Loss of Control Eating and High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein Concentrations

Remission of loss of control eating and changes in components of the metabolic syndrome

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