Eating out is different from eating at home among individuals who occasionally eat out. A cross-sectional study among middle-aged adults from eleven European countries

Naska, Androniki; Katsoulis, Michail; Orfanos, Philippos; Lachat, Carl; Gedrich, Kurt; Rodrigues, Sara; Freisling, Heinz; Kolsteren, Patrick; Engeset, Dagrun; Lopes, Carla; Elmadfa, Ibrahim; Wendt, Andrea; Knüppel, Sven; Turrini, Aida; Tumino, Rosario; Ocké, Marga C.; Sekuła, W.; Nilsson, Lena; Key, Tim; Trichopoulou, Antonia

doi:10.1017/s0007114515000963

Cited by 48 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…For example some reports indicate that a low meal frequency (2 vs. 5 eating episodes) is associated with obesity; other evidence indicates a strong influence of snacking (many eating episodes over the day). It can be agreed that under some conditions the presence in the food supply of energy-dense foods, access to high-sugar beverages, specific eating habits and attitudes towards the body and foods can exert effects on specific individuals [18,19,20]. Good data exist for particular countries such as Poland [21,22].…”

Section: Nutritional Factors Food and Eatingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variations in the Prevalence of Obesity Among European Countries, and a Consideration of Possible Causes

Blundell

Baker²,

Boyland

et al. 2017

Obes Facts

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Over the last 10 years the prevalence of obesity across the European continent has in general been rising. With the exception of a few countries where a levelling-off can be perceived, albeit at a high level, this upward trend seems likely to continue. However, considerable country to country variation is noticeable, with the proportion of people with obesity varying by 10% or more. This variation is intriguing and suggests the existence of different profiles of risk or protection factors operating in different countries. The identification of such protection factors could indicate suitable targets for interventions to help manage the obesity epidemic in Europe. This report is the output of a 2-day workshop on the ‘Diversity of Obesity in Europe'. The workshop included 14 delegates from 12 different European countries. This report contains the contributions and discussions of the materials and viewpoints provided by these 14 experts; it is not the output of a single mind. However, such is the nature of scientific analysis regarding obesity that it is possible that a different set of 14 experts may have come to a different set of conclusions. Therefore the report should not be seen as a definitive statement of a stable situation. Rather it is a focus for discussion and comment, and a vehicle to drive forward further understanding and management of obesity in Europe.

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Section: Nutritional Factors Food and Eatingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variations in the Prevalence of Obesity Among European Countries, and a Consideration of Possible Causes

Blundell

Baker²,

Boyland

et al. 2017

Obes Facts

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“…Therefore, eating out-of-home foods was assumed to be one of the factors associated with unfavorable dietary intakes among young women living alone. Meanwhile, a previous study showed that frequent out-of-home eaters reported similar dietary intakes out of home and at home, 22 which suggests that the diet consumed by frequent out-of-home eaters may not be differentially influenced by the consumption of out-of-home foods. Therefore, the effect of out-of-home eating on the dietary intakes among young women living alone may be weaker than in those living with their families.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Living status and frequency of eating out-of-home foods in relation to nutritional adequacy in 4,017 Japanese female dietetic students aged 18–20 years: A multicenter cross-sectional study

Kobayashi

Asakura

Suga

et al. 2017

Journal of Epidemiology

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BackgroundLiving status (e.g., living with family or alone) may affect dietary habits. We compared nutritional adequacy according to living status and the frequency of eating out-of-home foods in young Japanese women.MethodsFemale dietetic students (aged 18–20 years; n = 4,017) participated in a cross-sectional multicenter study, which was conducted in 85 dietetic schools in 35 of 47 prefectures in Japan. Habitual dietary intake was assessed with a validated diet history questionnaire. Nutritional adequacy was determined based on the Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese, 2015, for two goals: preventing non-communicable chronic disease (a tentative dietary goal for preventing lifestyle-related diseases [DG] that tracks five nutrients) and avoiding insufficient intake of mainly vitamins and minerals (estimated average requirement [EAR] that tracks 14 nutrients).ResultsWomen living with their family were less likely to meet DG nutrient levels, but more likely to meet EAR nutrient levels compared with those living alone. In contrast, women living alone had more inadequate nutrients with EAR and fewer nutrients with not-meeting DG than those living with families. A higher frequency of eating out-of-home was significantly associated with a higher prevalence of not-meeting DG nutrient levels only in the women living with their family.ConclusionsThe prevalence of nutritional adequacy varied based on living status. In addition, women living with their family and those with a high frequency of eating out-of-home foods had the highest prevalence of not-meeting DG. Effective ways of improving dietary quality among young Japanese women differ by living status.

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“…Previously, the consumption of foods prepared OH has been linked to increased energy intake [11], increased body mass index (BMI), among those that consume these foods [12] and prehypertension in young adults [13]. Eating OH has also been associated with a decreased intake of fruits and vegetables [14], high energy density of food [11] and a lower intake of micro-nutrients [15]. Moreover, evidence suggests that there is a strong association between living in areas with increased exposure to fast food and fast food consumption as part of eating OH [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining food intake and eating out of home patterns among university students

Llanaj

Ádány

Lachat

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Eating out of home (OH) is increasingly popular in Balkan countries, among them Albania. To date there is only anecdotal evidence regarding nutritional quality of food consumed OH and the contribution to diet. This study assessed intake of foods and drinks consumed OH and at home (AH), as well as their nutritional contribution to the daily diet of university students in Tirana, Albania. Using a single day Automated Multiple Pass Method (AMPM) 24-hour dietary recall, we examined food intake among 289 students aged 18-24 years old, from three major universities in Albania. Contribution of eating OH to total energy intake per day, as well as to daily consumption of macronutrients by eating OH intensity tertiles were assessed. .5] respectively. Dietary composition of AH intake was richer in sugars, total fats and proteins, while OH intake was richer in saturated fats. The overall diet appeared unhealthy, when nutrients were assessed as energy percentage against WHO proposed nutrient standards for sugar and saturated fats. Eating OH, even though was associated with lower fruits and vegetables intake, was not clearly associated with poor diet quality, as AH foods were also characterized by increased saturated fats and sugars intake as energy percentage. This study provides data on the first assessment of current dietary patterns of the studied population and can be used as baseline for designing and conducting future studies and interventions targeting malnutrition in all its forms.

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Eating out is different from eating at home among individuals who occasionally eat out. A cross-sectional study among middle-aged adults from eleven European countries

Cited by 48 publications

References 38 publications

Variations in the Prevalence of Obesity Among European Countries, and a Consideration of Possible Causes

Variations in the Prevalence of Obesity Among European Countries, and a Consideration of Possible Causes

Living status and frequency of eating out-of-home foods in relation to nutritional adequacy in 4,017 Japanese female dietetic students aged 18–20 years: A multicenter cross-sectional study

Examining food intake and eating out of home patterns among university students

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