Eating Disorders in Sport

Thompson, Ron; Sherman, Roberta

doi:10.4324/9780203879856

Cited by 35 publications

(78 citation statements)

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“…Inpatient treatment should be considered for patients with severe bradycardia, hypotension, orthostasis and/or electrolyte imbalance 85 196 204. Athletes’ resistance to treatment usually increases with the severity of the problem 205. Because many patients with eating disorders see their disorders as purposeful and necessary,206 motivation to recover is a critical factor in treatment.…”

Section: Treatment Of Relative Energy Deficiency In Sportmentioning

confidence: 99%

IOC consensus statement on relative energy deficiency in sport (RED-S): 2018 update

Mountjoy

Sundgot‐Borgen

Burke³

et al. 2018

Br J Sports Med

612

748

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Section: Treatment Of Relative Energy Deficiency In Sportmentioning

confidence: 99%

IOC consensus statement on relative energy deficiency in sport (RED-S): 2018 update

Mountjoy

Sundgot‐Borgen

Burke³

et al. 2018

Br J Sports Med

612

748

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Also, instead of saying the athlete ‘must agree that resumption of menses or achieving menarche’, the Norwegian recommendations suggest that adult and adolescent athletes with amenorrhoea for more than 6 and 3 months, respectively, are not allowed to compete if this symptom is combined with other symptoms of extreme dieting or EDs (table 5). As a result of their ‘ED injury’ the athlete's mental and physical health may be in serious jeopardy and continuing to compete may distract the athlete from devoting the attention needed for treatment 29. This is problematic and there is no evidence in terms of best practice regarding specific criteria for raising alarm or when to return to training and competition.…”

Section: What Can We Suggest?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The primary goals of treatment should be to optimise energy availability, to control and manage the athlete's DE behaviour, to restore normal hormone levels and to monitor and treat other medical complications resulting from EDs 7 41. In terms of possible treatment initiatives for the athlete with DE behaviour and/or EDs, we refer to recent publications dealing with these issues 7 29 60…”

Section: What Can We Suggest?mentioning

confidence: 99%

How to minimise the health risks to athletes who compete in weight-sensitive sports review and position statement on behalf of the Ad Hoc Research Working Group on Body Composition, Health and Performance, under the auspices of the IOC Medical Commission

et al. 2013

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A focus on low body weight and body fat content, combined with regulations in some weight-sensitive sports, are considered risk factors for extreme dieting, eating disorders (EDs) and related health consequences among athletes. At present there are, from a health perspective, no generally accepted optimum values for body weight or percentage of fat mass in different sports and there is no 'gold standard' method for body composition assessment in athletes. On the basis of health considerations as well as performance, medical support teams should know how to approach elite athletes who seek to achieve an unrealistic body composition and how to prevent restrictive eating practices from developing into an ED. In addition, these teams must know when to raise the alarm and how to advice athletes who are affected by extreme dieting or clinical EDs. However, there is no consensus on when athletes struggling with extreme dieting or EDs should be referred for specialist medical treatment or removed from competition. Based on the present review, we conclude that there is a need for (1) sport-specific and gender-specific preventive programmes, (2) criteria for raising alarm and 'does not start' (DNS) for athletes with EDs and (3) modifications to the regulations in some sports. Further, the key areas for research identified include the development of standard methods for body composition assessment in elite athletes; screening measures for EDs among athletes; development and testing of prevention programmes; investigating the short and long-term effects of extreme dieting; and EDs on health and performance. INTRODUCTIONIn various sports body weight and body composition are crucial performance variables.1 Some athletes are genetically suited to the specific anthropometric demands of the sport/weight class in which they compete, but many elite athletes struggle with extreme dieting and eating disorders (EDs) as they attempt to conform to competition regulations that are ill suited to their physique.2 As a consequence, athletes with very low body weight and/or body fat, frequent weight fluctuation, EDs and insufficient bone density are often found in weight-sensitive sports, with a high prevalence of menstrual dysfunction in women.3 Medical staff, including sports physicians, nutritionists and exercise scientists, experience challenges in handling the issues of optimum body composition, dieting and EDs in elite athletes.4 5 Furthermore, most sport nutritionists experience challenges related to application of minimum/maximum body composition or body mass values for health and performance, especially when confronted with a lack of knowledge among coaches and other support team members.5 Therefore, the aim of this article is to review the current knowledge related to minimising the risks associated with extreme weight control and EDs in elite athletes. DefinitionsWeight-sensitive sports can be classified into three main groups: (1) gravitational sports, in which high body weight restricts performance because moving the b...

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“…Athlete resistance to treatment usually increases with the severity of the eating problem 138. Treatment should be provided by a mental health professional knowledgeable about the management of EDs in athletes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Owing to the severity of their clinical presentation, sport participation may pose serious jeopardy to their health and may also distract the athlete from devoting the attention needed for treatment and recovery 138. These athletes should receive treatment using a written treatment contract (see online supplementary appendix 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The IOC consensus statement: beyond the Female Athlete Triad—Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S)

et al. 2014

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Protecting the health of the athlete is a goal of the International Olympic Committee (IOC). The IOC convened an expert panel to update the 2005 IOC Consensus Statement on the Female Athlete Triad. This Consensus Statement replaces the previous and provides guidelines to guide risk assessment, treatment and return-to-play decisions. The IOC expert working group introduces a broader, more comprehensive term for the condition previously known as ‘Female Athlete Triad’. The term ‘Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport’ (RED-S), points to the complexity involved and the fact that male athletes are also affected. The syndrome of RED-S refers to impaired physiological function including, but not limited to, metabolic rate, menstrual function, bone health, immunity, protein synthesis, cardiovascular health caused by relative energy deficiency. The cause of this syndrome is energy deficiency relative to the balance between dietary energy intake and energy expenditure required for health and activities of daily living, growth and sporting activities. Psychological consequences can either precede RED-S or be the result of RED-S. The clinical phenomenon is not a ‘triad’ of the three entities of energy availability, menstrual function and bone health, but rather a syndrome that affects many aspects of physiological function, health and athletic performance. This Consensus Statement also recommends practical clinical models for the management of affected athletes. The ‘Sport Risk Assessment and Return to Play Model’ categorises the syndrome into three groups and translates these classifications into clinical recommendations.

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Eating Disorders in Sport

Cited by 35 publications

References 0 publications

IOC consensus statement on relative energy deficiency in sport (RED-S): 2018 update

IOC consensus statement on relative energy deficiency in sport (RED-S): 2018 update

How to minimise the health risks to athletes who compete in weight-sensitive sports review and position statement on behalf of the Ad Hoc Research Working Group on Body Composition, Health and Performance, under the auspices of the IOC Medical Commission

The IOC consensus statement: beyond the Female Athlete Triad—Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S)

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