Eating disorders and gastrointestinal peptides

Abstract

Dysregulation of gastrointestinal hormones is more likely to contribute to the maintenance of the disordered eating behavior and related metabolic outcomes as well as the clinical course rather than causing them. A better understanding of this relationship also carries implications for developing targeted hormone-base treatment for eating disorder.

The role of endocannabinoids in the control of eating disorders

“…They have predominantly anorexic action on leptin, uncoupling protein UCP, peptide YY (PYY), pancreatic polypeptide (PP polypeptide), β3-adrenergic receptors (β3 adrenergic receptor ß3-AR), Procomiomelanocortin (POMC), cholecystokinin (CCC) cholecystokinin, melanocyte stimulating hormone (MCH), melanocortin 4 receptor (MC 4-R), release hormone of corticotropin (CRH), peptide 1 similar glucagon (GLP 1), etc. However, there is a predominantly oressigenic action on the neuroptide Y (NPY), agoutirelated protein (AGRP), orexine A and B, grelin (ghrelin), opiate peptides (endorphins) and endocannabinoids [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34].…”

Nutritional Evaluation of Eating Disorders

“…hours of sleep, if sleep is restful, resting at night, as well as there is resting after meals (Misra & Klibanski, 2010;Tong & D'Alessio, 2011).…”

Food behavior as risk factor for developing eating disorders

“…Between these areas there is: (inferior tract of encephalic trunk and, particularly, the dorsal vagal complex) that receives and integrates the information that arrive by periphery autonomous endocrine organs and by different cerebral areas. Neuronal circuits of the mesencephalic trunk and of the thalamus interpret these information in relation to signals generated by the mechanical property of foods, that are obtained a different level of the gastrointestinal system [31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40]. The nucleus accumbens, the amygdale and the frontal cortex are responsible, instead, of more important functions that implicate the integration of cognitive information that regard the sensation of pleasantness or adversity to food.…”

“…At the hypothalamic level, in virtue of its intense vascularization and of nervous projections by the inferior tract of the encephalic trunk, it happens an exact monitoring of the haematic levels of nutriments, of hormones and of the signal that arrive by the periphery. All these information have a deep impact on the activities of the neurochemical and neuroendocrine systems of hypothalamus that, in its turn, transfers signals act to influence the behavioural and metabolic processes [31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40]. All these neuronal systems, coordinating signals of several neurotransmitters and hormones as the amino acids, amines, peptides, and other steroidal hormones, are implicate in the control process of ingestion of food and of energy balance and so of the body weight.…”

“…The AC often shows quantitative or qualitative modifications in function of several environmental variables like ethnic-cultural, religious, climatic; but also inside of the same individual, there are alteration of AC that show clearly how is deep-rooted his adaptation homeostatic value, directed to preservation of the constancy of internal means in site variation of environmental conditions. The neurobiological research uses an integrated interdisciplinary approach to obtain information on determinants of ED [31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40]. The eating behaviour is regulated by several factors origin both exogenouses and endogenouses.…”