Eating as a regulatory control of drinking in the rat.

Fitzsimons, TJ; Magnen, J. Le

doi:10.1037/h0026772

Cited by 326 publications

(141 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The reservation for the absence of heat and osmotic effectsnotedabove should include high protein diets. Fitzsimons & Le Magnen (1969) found that the water-to-food intake ratio is much higher on protein-rich diets than on a carbohydraterich ones. This difference is commonly attributed to the larger osmotic load and requirement of urinary output due to large protein catabolism in protein-rich diets.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interrelationships between water, food and digestible energy intake in desert and temperate goats

Silanikove

1989

Appetite

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Intra-and interspecific relationships between energy intake and digestible energy intake (DEI) and water turnover (WTO) in Black Bedouin and temperate (Swiss Saanen) goats were analyzed. Available data from other species of mammals were also evaluated. A highly significant linear relationship between WTO and DE1 holds within breeds of goats under different levels of DE1 and between breeds which vary considerably in their body weight and metabolic expenditure (WTO ml/kg per day = -5.4 + 0911 DE1 kcal/kg per day, n = 34, rz = @99, Sb = 0.057). In lactating goats the relation between WTO rate (minus water secreted in milk) and DE1 is the same as that measured in non-lactating ones. Mammals with quite a different body weight have the same WTO per unit of metabolism-about 1 mol of water per 5 mol of oxygen-although their absolute turnover is very different. Furthermore, the above relationship is similar to the relationship between WTO : DE1 found in goats here. (WTO ml/kg per day= 5.8 +0.849x kcal/kg per day, n = 8, r* = 0.99, Sb = 0.030, where x is the caloric equivalent of oxygen consumption.)

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interrelationships between water, food and digestible energy intake in desert and temperate goats

Silanikove

1989

Appetite

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“…Increased intake of water without an increase in food intake is thought to be due to cellular or extracellular hypovolic stimuli, which may include intake of water in anticipation of future needs (30). Considering an apparent absence of hemorrhage, the logical explanation for thirst in rats during a recuperation phase therefore is to rid the body of excess solutes that are produced by increased metabolism by yet unnamed sources.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Considering an apparent absence of hemorrhage, the logical explanation for thirst in rats during a recuperation phase therefore is to rid the body of excess solutes that are produced by increased metabolism by yet unnamed sources. During phases of sleep restriction, the progressive nature of the increases in intake of water emerged along with those for food intake, indicating prandial drinking (30,43), a regulatory response that maintains osmotic balance as food is absorbed (reviewed in Ref. 85).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recurrent restriction of sleep and inadequate recuperation induce both adaptive changes and pathological outcomes

Everson¹,

Szabó

2009

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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Everson CA, Szabo A. Recurrent restriction of sleep and inadequate recuperation induce both adaptive changes and pathological outcomes. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 297: R1430-R1440, 2009. First published August 19, 2009 doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00230.2009.-Chronic restriction of a basic biological need induces adaptations to help meet requisites for survival. The adaptations to chronic restriction of sleep are unknown. A single episode of 10 days of partial sleep loss in rats previously was shown to be tolerated and to result in increased food intake and loss of body weight as principal signs. The purpose of the present experiment was to investigate the extent to which adaptation to chronic sleep restriction would ameliorate short-term effects and result in a changed internal phenotype. Rats were studied during 10 wk of multiple periods of restricted and unrestricted sleep to allow adaptive changes to develop. Control rats received the same ambulatory requirements only consolidated into periods that lessened interruptions of their sleep. The results indicate a latent period of relatively stable food and water intake without weight gain, followed by a dynamic phase marked by enormous increases in food and water intake and progressive loss of body weight, without malabsorption of calories. Severe consequences ensued, marked especially by changes to the connective tissues, and became fatal for two individuals. The most striking changes to internal organs in sleep-restricted rats included lengthening of the small intestine, decreased size of adipocytes, and increased incidence of multilocular adipocytes. Major organs accounted for an increased proportion of total body mass. These changes to internal tissues appear adaptive in response to high energy production, decomposition of lipids, and increased need to absorb nutrients, but ultimately insufficient to compensate for inadequate sleep. sleep rebound; adaptation; metabolism; adiposity; connective tissues; visceral organs CHRONIC DEFICIENCIES IN BASIC biological requirements produce disease. This basic principle has been well established for nutrition, hydration, and oxygen. It also is believed to be true for sleep. However, the specific physiological properties and outcomes of chronic sleep deficiency are not well elucidated. Most studies on the effects of inadequate sleep have employed previously well-rested, young, normal human and animal subjects under conditions of acute and short-term sleep loss. As may be expected, early physical signs of deprivation seem nonspecific, while subject complaints and poor cognitive performance are pronounced (e.g., reviewed in Refs. 7, 38, 48, and 52). Recently, findings in humans undergoing sleep restriction prolonged for six nights suggest sleep loss produces risk factors for obesity, diabetes, and hypertension (45, 71), but questions arise about the extent to which outcomes can be extrapolated to conditions of chronic deficiency and actually become realized. Epidemiological studies show strong linkages between sleep los...

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“…Increases in erythroid parameters were considered due to dehydration since drinking behav- Table 4. Effects of food reduction on organ weight (grams) in dietary-optimized rats ior in rats has been reported to be elicited by food intake (Fitzsimons and Magnen, 1969;Kraly, 1984), indicating food restriction could induce dehydration in rats. Contrary, there were also observations indicative of decreases in erythrocytes such as bone marrow depletion and hemolysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of reduced food intake on toxicity study parameters in rats

Moriyama¹,

Tsujioka²,

Ohira³

et al. 2008

J. Toxicol. Sci.

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-This study comprehensively describes the effects of various levels of food reduction on a wide range of toxicological parameters in dietary-optimized rats (fed with approximately 75% of ad libitum food consumption daily; 16 g and 22 g/day for females and males, respectively) that has been established as a nutritionally appropriate and well-controlled animal model in conducting toxicity studies. Toxicological parameters, including general condition, ophthalmology, clinical pathology and anatomic pathology, were examined in dietary-optimized Crl:CD(SD) female and male rats fed 16 g and 22 g/day (control), 12 g and 17 g/day (75% group), 8 g and 11 g/day (50% group), or 4 g and 6 g/day (25% group), respectively for 2 weeks. There was mortality and morbidity including reddish urine in 25% -cular hemolysis induced by severe food reduction. Hemoconcentration, decreased leukocytes and platelets, decreases in nutritional elements (serum glucose, protein, and lipids), increased aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, imbalanced electrolytes, and/or decreased urinary pH were observed in all restriction groups. Histopathologically remarkable changes included erythrophagocytosis in the spleen/liver and renal tubular necrosis with hyaline cast/droplets in 25% group; in addition to bone marrow depletion, lymphoid depletion in thymus/spleen/lymph node, and/or decreased secretion in the prostate/seminal vesicle in all restriction groups. Most of these changes were considered attributable to nutrifood reduction. These results will enable toxicologists to help distinguish primary drug-induced effects from secondary changes associated with decreases in food consumption.

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Eating as a regulatory control of drinking in the rat.

Cited by 326 publications

References 9 publications

Interrelationships between water, food and digestible energy intake in desert and temperate goats

Interrelationships between water, food and digestible energy intake in desert and temperate goats

Recurrent restriction of sleep and inadequate recuperation induce both adaptive changes and pathological outcomes

Effects of reduced food intake on toxicity study parameters in rats

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