Eating alone and metabolic syndrome: A population-based Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013–2014

Kwon, A-Rom; Yoon, Yeong Sook; Min, Kyong Pil; Lee, Yoon Kyung; Jeon, Jun Young

doi:10.1016/j.orcp.2017.09.002

Cited by 38 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…This highlights that the high occurrence of eating alone may be an important risk factor for MetS in unmarried men as often women may promote the health of the men they live with through cooking, shopping, and menu planning. This parallels with previous findings that Korean adult men who ate alone without a spouse had a higher likelihood of having MetS in comparison to those men with a spouse [ 21 ]. In addition, married people demonstrate longer survival and lower mortality rates compared with those who have never married, or are separated, widowed, or divorced [ 29 , 30 , 31 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Korea is experiencing a dramatic increase in the number of single-person households [ 4 ]. Previous research focused on the impact of the total frequency of eating alone occasions on health outcomes, such as weight status [ 8 , 20 ], MetS [ 21 ], and depressive symptoms [ 12 ] or depression [ 10 , 22 ]. However, to the best of our knowledge, the impact of different combinations of eating alone patterns in terms of breakfast, lunch, or dinner on the risk of MetS in a representative sample of Korean adults has not yet been fully explored.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Eating Alone is Differentially Associated with the Risk of Metabolic Syndrome in Korean Men and Women

Kim

Chung

et al. 2018

IJERPH

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Few studies have examined overall patterns of eating alone in relation to the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Korean populations. The present study aimed to examine the relationship between patterns of eating alone and the risk of MetS in Korean adults. Data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) for 2013–2015 were used, with 8988 Korean adult participants, including 3624 men and 5364 women, aged 18 to 64 years. Patterns of eating alone were categorized into eight groups based on the total frequency of eating alone on a daily basis in the past one year: (1) three times for breakfast, lunch, and dinner; (2) twice for breakfast and dinner; (3) twice for lunch and dinner; (4) twice for breakfast and lunch; (5) once for breakfast only; (6) once for lunch only; (7) once for dinner only; and (8) never eating alone. The presence of MetS has been defined by the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III) and International Diabetes Federation (IDF). Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the association between patterns of eating alone versus the risk of MetS after controlling for age, income, occupation, number of family members, generation types, marital status, smoking status, and physical activity. The prevalence of MetS was the highest in men and women aged 40–64 who had breakfast, lunch, and dinner alone (50.1% and 36.8%, respectively). Men who had dinner alone or lunch and dinner alone compared with those who eat with others had a significantly higher risk of MetS, with adjusted odds ratios (AOR) of 1.51, and a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 1.06–2.16; and an AOR of 1.54, with a 95% CI of 1.05–2.25, respectively. Women who had breakfast alone compared with those who ate with others had a significantly lower risk of MetS (AOR 0.70, 95% CI 0.53–0.94). In conclusion, patterns of eating alone are differentially associated with the risk of MetS in a representative sample of Korean adults. Future studies are warranted to identify dietary patterns across the different eating alone patterns in relation to various health outcomes in Korean adult populations.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eating Alone is Differentially Associated with the Risk of Metabolic Syndrome in Korean Men and Women

Kim

Chung

et al. 2018

IJERPH

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“…Therefore, it is possible that young people got used to new healthy dietary guidelines more easily, which is evidenced in many countries under nutrition transition. A study carried out in Korea claimed that young people who live alone tend to prefer simple food [28].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, if more high-calorie-density foods are consumed, due to increased enjoyability of new food items [22,26], a greater dietary variety could also lead to the rising prevalence of obesity [16]. In addition, eating alone [28] and EAFH were also detected to be associated with a higher risk of MetS [1,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does Eating-Away-from-Home Increase the Risk of a Metabolic Syndrome Diagnosis?

Wang

Yan

Tian

2019

IJERPH

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Rising frequency of eating-away-from-home (EAFH) is suspected to be correlated with several non-communicable diseases. This study adopted the Chinese Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) 2009 data to investigate the association between being diagnosed with the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and EAFH at different ages. Results showed that the association between EAFH and MetS varied at different ages and differed for males and females. EAFH was positively associated with a higher risk of getting MetS for males, especially for those aged between 45 and 60; while it was negatively associated with the risk of getting MetS for young females (<45) (all p < 0.05). In particular, EAFH was associated with a lower risk of getting high serum triglycerides (TGs), abdominal adiposity, elevated blood pressure, and impaired fasting blood glucose for young females, while higher risk of high serum TGs, abdominal adiposity, elevated blood pressure, and impaired fasting blood glucose for middle-aged males (all p < 0.05). In addition, a higher frequency of EAFH was associated with a higher risk of abdominal adiposity and elevated blood pressure for older women, and a lower risk of elevated blood pressure, and impaired fasting blood glucose for younger men (all p < 0.05). Our study implies that heterogeneous target strategies for preventing MetS in different subpopulation should be considered.

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“…There has been growing interest in the health impacts of eating alone among older adults. Some studies show that this eating style may be linked to problems, including depression symptoms, [1][2][3] obesity, 4 metabolic syndrome, 5 and increased risk of mortality. 6 All these health outcomes caused by eating alone seem to be prevalent among older adults living alone.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Eating Alone With Depression Among Older Adults Living Alone: Role of Poor Social Networks

Sakurai

Kawai

Suzuki

et al. 2021

Journal of Epidemiology

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Objectives: Eating alone is associated with an increased risk of depression symptoms. This association may be confounded by poor social networks. The present study aimed to determine the role of poor social networks in the association of eating alone with depression symptoms, focusing on cohabitation status. Methods: Seven hundred and ten community-dwelling older adults were categorized according to their eating style and social network size, evaluated using an abbreviated version of the Lubben Social Network Scale, with poor social network size (defined as the lowest quartile). Living arrangements and depression symptoms, detected using the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale, were also assessed. Results: A mixed-design two-way analysis of covariance (eating style and social network size factors) for the depression scale score, adjusted by covariates, yielded significant effects of social network size and eating style without interaction. Greater depression scores were observed in eating alone and poor social network size. Analysis of participants living with others showed the same results. However, among older adults living alone, only a significant main effect of social network size was observed; poor social network size resulted in greater depression scores irrespective of eating style. Conclusions: Poor social network size, and not eating alone, was associated with greater depression symptoms among older adults living alone, whereas both factors may increase depression symptoms among older adults living with others. Poor social network size may show a stronger influence on depression than eating alone in older adults living alone; thus, social network size is an important health indicator.

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Eating alone and metabolic syndrome: A population-based Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013–2014

Cited by 38 publications

References 32 publications

Eating Alone is Differentially Associated with the Risk of Metabolic Syndrome in Korean Men and Women

Eating Alone is Differentially Associated with the Risk of Metabolic Syndrome in Korean Men and Women

Does Eating-Away-from-Home Increase the Risk of a Metabolic Syndrome Diagnosis?

Association of Eating Alone With Depression Among Older Adults Living Alone: Role of Poor Social Networks

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